●INTRODUCTION
Part 1 Structure Design Basis for Wind Turbine Blade
Chapter 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES
1.1 DESIGN COORDINATION
1.2 DESIGN BASIS
1.3 STRUCTURE DESIGN
1.4 STRUCTURE WEIGHT AND COST CONTROL
Chapter 2 COMPOSITE BASIS
2.1 BLADE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE COMPONENTS
2.2 BLADE STRUCTURAL MATERIAL
2.3 REINFORCED FIBRE
2.4 RESIN
2.5 OTHER STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
2.6 MATERIAL SELECTION
2.7 MECHANICAL TEST OF COMPOSITES
2.7.1 Testing Techniques of Composites
2.7.2 Test Process of Composites
2.8 MANUFACTURABILITY OF COMPOSITES FOR BLADE
Chapter 3 STRUCTURE DESIGN BASIS
3.1 DESIGN BASIS
3.1.1 Airfoil Contour
3.1.2 Load Characteristics
3.1.3 Load-carrying Forms
3.2 CONFIGURATION DESIGN
3.3 STRUCTURE DESIGN PROCESS
Part 2 Structure Design for Wind Turbine Blade
Chapter 4 STRUCTURAL COMPONENT DESIGN
4.1 SPAR CAP DESIGN
4.1.1 Configuration Categories for Spar Cap
4.1.2 Spar Cap of Glass-fibre Fabric
4.1.3 Spar Cap of Carbon-fibre Fabric
4.1.4 Spar Cap of Laminated Bamboo-wood
4.1.5 Spar Caps Made of Mixed Material
4.1.6 Structure Design for Spar Caps
4.1.7 Spar Cap Manufacturing Process Description
4.2 DESIGN OF WEB AND FLANGE ADHESIVE BONDING
4.2.1 Web Configuration Types
4.2.2 Web Arrangements
4.2.3 Web Structure Design
4.2.4 Prospect of Web Processing
4.3 SKIN DESIGN
4.3.1 Configuration Design for Skin
4.3.2 Summary of Skin Process
4.4 SANDWICH STRUCTURE DESIGN
4.4.1 Sandwich Structure Configurations
4.4.2 Sandwich Structure Design
4.4.3 Summary of Sandwich Structure Processes
4.5 LEADING EDGE UD DESIGN AND LEADING EDGE ADHESIVE BONDING
4.5.1 Structure Design for Leading edge UD
4.5.2 Adhesive Bonding Forms
4.6 TRAILING EDGE UD DESIGN AND TRAILING EDGE ADHESIVE BONDING
4.6.1 Design for Trailing Edge UD Configuration
4.6.2 Structure Design for Trailing Edge
4.6.3 Summary of Trailing Edge Processing
4.7 ROOT REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
4.7.1 Structure Design for Root Reinforcement
4.7.2 Process Overview of Blade Root Reinforcing Layer
4.8 CONNECTION DESIGN OF BLADE ROOT
4.8.1 Different Method for Mounting Bolt
4.8.2 Configuration Design of Embedded Bolts
4.8.3 Structure Design for Embedded Bolts
4.8.4 Structure Design for T-bolt
4.8.5 Overview of Blade Root Process Test
4.9 DISCUSSION ABOUT OPTIMIZATION DESIGN
4.9.1 Influence of Optimization and Non-optimization
4.9.2 Structure Index
Chapter 5 DESIGN OF FUNCTIONAL PARTS
5.1 BLADE TIP DESIGN
5.2 LIGHTNING PROTECTION DESIGN
5.2.1 Air-termination System
5.2.2 Lightning Protection Tests on Blades
5.3 GEL COATS AND PAINTS
5.4 DESIGN OF REINFORCED LAYERS FOR TRANSPORTATION
5.5 BLADE ROOT COVER DESIGN
5.6 DESIGN OF BALANCING CHAMBERS
5.7 RAIN DEFLECTOR DESIGN
5.8 PE PIPES CONNECTED WITH DOUBLE WEBS
5.9 OTHER DESIGNS
Part 3 Structure Design Methods for Wind Turbine Blade
Chapter 6 STRUCTURE VERIFICATION PRINCIPLES
6.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE VERIFICATION
6.2 BLADE STRUCTURE VERIFICATION METHODS
6.3 GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF BLADE STRUCTURE VERIFICATION
6.3.1 Blade Topological Graph
6.3.2 Stress Characteristics of Blade Components
6.4 STRENGTH ANALYSIS
6.5 STABILITY ANALYSIS
6.6 DEFORMATION ANALYSIS
6.7 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS
6.8 ADHESIVE BONDING ANALYSIS
6.9 INTERLAMINAR ANALYSIS
6.10 FATIGUE ANALYSIS
6.11 ADVANCED ANALYSIS
Chapter 7 UNIDIMENSIONAL METHOD
7.1 I-BEAM THEORY
7.2 SIMPLIFICATION OF BLADE CROSS SECTION MODEL
7.3 CALCULATION OF BLADE CROSS SECTION STRENGTH
7.4 STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF BLADE CROSS SECTION
7.5 CALCULATION OF BLADE BENDING DEFORMATION
7.6 DEFLECTION ANALYSIS OF BLADE SECTION
7.7 DEVIATION ANALYSIS WITH UNIDIMENSIONAL METHOD
7.8 APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OF UNIDIMENSIONAL METHOD
Chapter 8 2D METHOD
8.1 BLADE STRENGTH CALCULATION
8.1.1 Normal Stress Calculation of Thin-walled Airfoil Structure
8.1.2 Shear Stress Calculation of Thin-walled Airfoil
8.1.3 Calculation of Blade Deflection
8.2 CALCULATION OF BLADE NATURAL FREQUENCY AND CHARACTERISTIC MODE
8.3 EQUIVALENT FATIGUE LOAD METHOD FOR FATIGUE DAMAGE CALCULATION
8.4 2D ENGINEERING ALGORITHM
8.5 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF 2D UNIFORM CROSS SECTION
8.5.1 Finite element analysis of 2D shell model
8.5.2 Finite element verification of 2D solid model
Chapter 9 3D METHOD
9.1 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE BLADES
9.2 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF BLADES
9.2.1 Geometrical Shape
9.2.2 The Coordinate System
9.2.3 Structural Configuration
9.2.4 Meshing
9.2.5 Element Normal and Element Coordinate System
9.2.6 Material Properties
9.2.7 Direction of Material
9.2.8 Spanwise Divisions
9.2.9 Element Properties
9.2.10 Mass of a Blade
9.3 LOCAL REFINEMENT OF BLADE FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
9.3.1 Refinement of TE Model
9.3.2 Adhesive Bonding of Web Flange and Shell
9.3.3 Blade Root Model
9.3.4 Adjacent Component of Root Model
9.3.5 Point Mass of Blade
9.4 FINITE ELEMENT BOUNDARY AND LOADING OF BLADE
9.4.1 Finite Element Boundary Conditions
9.4.2 Ultimate Loading Form in Blade FEA
9.4.3 Ultimate Envelop Load
9.4.4 Concentrated Force Ultimate Loading
9.4.5 Distributed Ultimate Loading
9.4.6 Loading Type of Test Load
9.4.7 Gravitational Load
9.4.8 Fatigue Load
Chapter 10 OTHER METHODS
10.1 PROCEDURE OF BLADE MOULDING
10.2 BLADE DATABASE
Part 4 Structure Component Design Methods for Wind Turbine Blade
Chapter 11 BASIC VERIFICATION ANALYSIS
11.1 BASIC VERIFICATION OF BLADE
11.2 SAFETY FACTOR OF STRUCTURE VERIFICATION
11.2.1 Safety Factor of Structure Verification Defined in GL
11.2.2 Safety Factor of DNV Structure Verification
11.3 STRENGTH VERIFICATION
11.3.1 Failure Criterion
11.3.2 Overall Ultimate Strength Verification
11.3.3 Strength Verification of Hoisting Condition
11.4 STIFFNESS VERIFICATION
11.4.1 Criterion of Deflection Analysis
11.4.2 Stiffness Distribution
11.4.3 Tip Deflection
11.5 ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS
11.5.1 Natural Frequency and Mode of Vibration
11.5.2 Campbell Chart of Blade Vibration
11.6 OVERALL BUCKLING OF BLADE
Chapter 12 LAMINATE ANALYSIS
12.1 THEORY OF LAMINATE
12.1.1 The Theory of Shell Theory to Composite Material
12.1.2 Feature of Laminate
12.1.3 Performance and Stiffness of Laminate
12.1.4 The Strength Analysis of Laminate
12.1.5 The Design Value for Structure
12.2 DESIGN OF LAMINATE
12.2.1 The Stiffness Prediction and Design of Laminate
12.2.2 Preliminary Design of Laminate
12.2.3 Consideration of Environmental Influence
12.3 BUCKLING OF THE LAMINATE
12.3.1 Buckling Calculation Method
12.3.2 Boundary Conditions
12.3.3 Examples of Theoretical Solution
12.3.4 Engineering Algorithm
12.3.5 FEM Example
12.3.6 FEA of Laminate
12.4 FIBRE FAILURE ANALYSIS
12.5 RESIN FAILURE ANALYSIS
12.6 APPLICATION OF LAMINATES ON BLADES
Chapter 13 ANALYSIS OF SANDWICH STRUCTURE
13.1 BASIS OF SANDWICH STRUCTURE
13.2 SANDWICH STRUCTURE DEAIGN
13.2.1 Design Principle of Sandwich Structure
13.2.2 Design Key Points
13.3 ANALYSIS OF SANDWICH STRUCTURE
13.3.1 Basic Parameters
13.3.2 Analysis of Local Failure
13.4 ANALYSIS METHODS OF SANDWICH STRUCTURE
13.4.1 Sandwich with Isotropic Panels
13.4.2 Sandwich with Orthotropic Panels
13.4.3 Engineering Algorithm of Local Instability
13.4.4 Finite Element Analysis
13.4.5 Local Secondary Analysis Method
13.5 APPLICATION OF SANDWICH STRUCTURE ON BLADES .
13.6 ANALYSIS OF WEB BUCKLING
13.7 ANALYSIS OF BLADE LOCAL BUCKLING
13.8 BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF BLADE CROSS SECTION
Chapter 14 ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVE BONDING
14.1 ADHESIVE BONDING
14.1.1 Adhesive Characteristics
14.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Composite Bonding
14.2 DESIGN OF ADHESIVE BONDING
14.2.1 General Design Principles
14.2.2 Basic Failure Modes
14.2.3 Basic Bonding Methods
14.2.4 Selection of Geometric Parameters
14.2.5 Fibre Direction
14.2.6 Design of Bonding Detail
14.3 BONDING ENGINEERING ALGORITHM
14.3.1 Calculation of Static Strength
14.3.2 Durability Analysis
14.4 ANALYSIS OF ADHESIVE BONDING
14.5 ADHESIVE BONDING APPLICATION ON BLADE
14.5.1 Bonding between Web Flanges and Shells
14.5.2 Bonding of Trailing Edge
14.5.3 Control of Bonding Processing
Chapter 15 ANALYSIS OF BOLTED CONNECTION
15.1 STRUCTURE VERIFICATION OF BLADE ROOT WITH MBEDDED INSERTS
15.1.1 Types of the Root End
15.1.2 Global Finite Element Analysis
15.1.3 Local Analysis of Contact Surface
15.2 STRUCTURE VERIFICATION OF T-BOLT PROCESSING
15.2.1 Structure Analysis Procedure
15.2.2 Global Finite Element Analysis
15.2.3 Bolt Engineering Method
Part 5 Spe Subject for Structure Design of Wind Turbine Blade
Chapter 16 FATIGUE ANALYSIS
16.1 THEORETICAL BASIS
16.1.1 Cyclic Load
16.1.2 Fatigue Lifetime
16.1.3 Stress ratio
16.1.4 S-N curve
16.1.5 Diagram of Fatigue Limit
16.2 FATIGUE OF COMPOSITES
16.2.1 Model of fatigue accumulated damage
16.2.2 Estimation Method of Fatigue Lifetime
16.3 VERIFICATION PROCESS OF BLADE FATIGUE
16.4 FATIGUE LOAD
16.5 SELECTION OF CRITICAL POINT OF FATIGUE
16.6 METHODS OF BLADE FATIGUE VERIFICATION
16.6.1 Coordinate System
16.6.2 Transformation Matrix of Stress
16.6.3 Equivalent Stress
16.6.4 Rain-flow Counting
16.6.5 Safety Factor of Fatigue Analysis
16.7 IDENTIFICATION OF BLADE FATIGUE DAMAGE
Chapter 17 ANALYSIS OF IMPACT RESISTANCE OF BLADE
17.1 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OF IMPACT DAMAGE
17.1.1 Methods of Engineering Analysis
17.1.2 Techniques of Load Processing
17.2 METHODS OF EXPLICIT TIME INTEGRATION
17.3 CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF MATERIAL
17.3.1 Material of Bird-model Impact
17.3.2 Material of Hail Impact
17.4 VERIFICATION OF RESISTANCE FOR IMPACT OF BLADE
17.4.1 Impact-resistance Model of Blade
17.4.2 Analysis of Blade Resistance for Impact
17.5 TEST OF BLADE RESISTANCE FOR IMPACT
Chapter 18 ANALYSES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS AND INTER LAMINAR
18.1 FRACTURE ANALYSIS of COMPOSITE MATERIALS
18.2 MAIN PARAMETERS IN FRACTURE MECHANICS
18.3 FRACTURE MECHANICS CALCULATION METHOD
18.3.1 Theoretical Solution of a Center Cracked Finite Width Plate
18.3.2 The Stress Intensity Factor and Extrapolation
18.3.3 Domain Method J-integration and Equivalent Integration
18.3.4 Strain energy release rate and virtual crack method
18.4 DUMMY NODE FRACTURE ELEMENT
18.4.1 Dummy Node Fracture Element of Linear Crack
18.4.2 Dummy Node Fracture Element of a Plane Crack
18.5 INTERLAMINAR STRESS OF COMPOSITES
18.5.1 Shear Stress Distribution of Interlaminar Interface
18.5.2 Interlaminar Shear Stress Distribution Along Thickness Direction
18.5.3 Interlaminar Normal Stress
18.5.4 Distribution of Axial Displacement on the Surface of Laminates
18.6 INTERLAMINAR FAILURE AND FRACTURE FAILURE OF BLADE
Chapter 19 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
19.1 COMPOSITES DAMAGE TOLERANCE
19.1.1 Overview
19.1.2 Three Elements of Damage Tolerance
19.2 RELIABILITY
19.2.1 Technical Basis of Reliability
19.2.2 Reliability Evaluation Index
19.2.3 Reliability Design of Structural System
Chapter 20 FULL-SCALE TESTING OF BLADES
20.1 OVERVIEW
20.2 MATERIAL TESTING AND COMPONENT TESTING
20.3 INTRODUCTION OF FULL-SCALE TESTING OF BLADES
20.3.1 Basic Principle and Relevant Standards
20.3.2 Test Items and Procedures
20.4 BLADE DATA AND REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIMENS
20.4.1 Blade Data
20.4.2 Requirements for Specimens
20.5 TEST STAND
20.5.1 Loading Directions
20.5.2 Loading Types
20.5.3 Other Devices and Tooling
20.6 DESIGN LOAD AND TEST LOAD
20.7 FAILURE MODES
20.8 MASS AND DYNAMIC PROPERTY TESTS
20.9 STATIC STRENGTH TEST
20.10 FATIGUE TEST
20.11 DESTRUCTIVE TEST
Chapter 21 SUMMARY AND PROSPECT
21.1 DESIGN AND PROCEDURES
21.2 VERIFICATION AND EXPERIENCE
21.3 HORIZONS BEYOND DESIGN AND VERIFICATION
21.4 PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE
21.5 BACK TO THE ORIGIN-STRUCTURAL MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE THIN-WALLED BARS
REFERENCES
Appendix A COORDINATE SYSTEM
Appendix B BLADE WB45.
INDEX
內容簡介
本書共分為5篇，21章節。篇為本書~3章，稱為基礎篇。介紹了結構工程師所需要的一些葉片結構背景信息，以便於靈活學習及應用理論基礎，同時指定葉片設計基本準則和復合材料基礎；第二篇為本書第4~6章，稱為設計篇，介紹了葉片結構件和功能件的構型設計和詳細尺寸設計；第三篇為本書第7~11章，稱為方法篇，包括葉片結構校核綜述及方法，結合風力機葉片的靠前標準闡述葉片結構校核的要求與設計準則，對應於工字梁、薄壁杆件理論理論，分別介紹一維、二維和三維葉片結構分析方法；第四篇為本書2~16章，稱為構件篇，介紹葉片結構的基本校核內容及葉片中的復合材料構件層合結構、夾芯結構、膠接連接和螺栓連接等結構形式的分析方法；第五篇為7~21章，稱為提高篇，介紹葉片校核的不錯專題部分，包括疲勞分析、抗衝擊分析、斷裂力學的層間分析與可靠性分析，介紹了很好規結構校核方面的分析方法；在很後一章介紹了本書中未涵蓋的內容，重點......
