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出版社:文物
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ISBN:9787501025732
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作者:安徽省文物考古研究所//安徽省蕭縣博物館
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頁數:392
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出版日期:2008-11-01
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印刷日期:2008-11-01
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包裝:精裝
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開本:16開
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版次:1
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印次:1
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本報告的整理與編寫工作始於2005年4月,其後數易其稿,直至2008年1月初稿方告完成。 本報告由賈慶元主編,副主編為:周水利、蘇肇平和韓三華。周水利、趙宏纔、師孝明、張新玲參加了整理工作,*終由賈慶元統稿。攝影程京安,繪圖周水利、師孝明,畫像石、銅鏡及錢幣拓片由周水利完成,插圖排版由李新民、張新玲完成,李新民、丁新兩位同志參加了後期修改圖稿工作。 蕭縣漢墓的發掘及本報告的編寫工作曾得到**文物局、安徽省文物局、安徽省文物考古研究所、宿州市文化局、蕭縣文化局的大力支持和幫助。
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Xiaoxian蕭縣County,located at the north top of Anhui Province
and near the borders of Jiangsu,Shandong,Henan and Anhui
Provinces,is named after the Xiao蕭State in ancient times.To
coordinate with the construction of Lianyungang—Khorghas
Expressway,Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and
Archaeology conducted salvaging excavations to the ancient burials
in the expressway route.These excavations covered 1 40,000
square meters including Zhangcun張村and Fenglou馮樓Cemeteries to
the southeast of the countv seat and Wangshanwo王山窩,Poge破閣and
Cheniufan車牛返Cemeteries to the southweSt of the county seat,
uncovered 3 1 8 tombs belonging to the Warring—States Period,the
Western and Eastern Han Dynasties,the Tang and Song Dynasties,
and cleared up over 80 ancient tombs looted or disturbed earlier.
This report collects the data of 1 5 1 Han tombs showing
representative features among these tombs.
The tombs in this report could be grouped into four types by
structure:vertical pit tombs,vertical pit tombs(or catacombs)
with slope passages,brick~chambered tombs and brick—stone—
chambered tombs;the details of tombs in each type also varied.
Among these tombs,110 were vertical pit tombs,six were vertical
pit tombs(or catacombs)with slope passages.14 were brick—
chambered tombs and 2 1 were brick—stone—chambered tombs.Two of
these tombs (XPM61 and XPM88)had mounds with clear heights and
scopes,and XPM88 had remains of graveyard wails built with stone
blocks.
All of the tombs were filled with mottled earth;because of
the various soil COnditions,the textures and tints of the fills
varied slightly.Only the filling of one tomb(XPMl00)had clear
traces of tamping;most of the passages were not completely
uncovered because of environmental or other difficulties.The
entrances of the brick—chambered tombs were usuallv sealed with
rectangular bricks and some had pebbles piled on the inner and
outer sides.The door leaves of the brick—stone-chambered tombs
were made of stone;the wooden door leaves or adobe—sealed
entrances were all decayed or silted for which the details conld
not be identified.
The burial furniture was made of wood and stone;wooden
coffins or other burial furniture were mostly decayed,the shape
of which could only be recover with the reference of the coffin
board ashes and the details could not be observed.The stone
coffins were a11 made of Drocessed stone boards,and composed of
lid,left and right side boards,head and end boards and bottom
board. The coarse stone coffins were just simply made by piecing
stone boards together; the finer ones were fitted together by
tenon and mortises. Most of the skeletons were poorly preserved
and the identified ones were all in extended supine burial. Of the
burial articles, the weapons and dress ornaments were generally
put inside the coffins and the ritual implements and daily-using
utensils were mostly set outside the coffins, from which we can
observe the procedure of the encoffining and interment.
The lining-up and facings of the tombs were arranged along
with the landscape; however,all of them were in high positions
backing to an upward slope.
The artifacts unearthed from these tombs were made of pottery
(some glazed), bronze,iron, jade, stone, bone, lead and tin, glass
and wood (some lacquered, but decayed too badly to gather).
Pottery wares, more than 850 pieces in number, took the largest
proportion most of them were fine clay wares and a few were sandy
pottery. The decorative patterns were mainly cord patterns,
incised patterns and bowstring patterns, some of which had painted
designs.Generally, the pottery wares were made by wheel-making,
model-making and hand-making methods among which wheel-made was
the most popular, but a piece of pottery ware was usually made by
more than one method.
The pottery wares could be classified into ritual vessels,
daily-using utensils, burial furnishings and imitations of lacquer
vessels. The ritual vessels were mainly Ding-tripods,cases, jars,
Fang-rectangular jars,Pan-washing vessels and Yi-washing ewers and
jugs.Utensils are mainly jugs,basins, cases, Fu-cauldrons, lamps,
spoons and ladles; burial furnishings were mainly models of
stoves, granaries, wells, millstones, animal pens, lavatories and
watchtowers; imitations of lacquers were mainly plates, trays, ear
cups and Lian-cosmetic cases; glazed pottery wares were baked with
high-temperature and low-temperature methods and the main types
were jars and iugs.
The bronze artifacts were mirrors, coins, clasps, seals,
thimbles, rings, brushes, spoons,knifes, swords, crossbow triggers
and horse and chariot ornaments and fittings. Totally 65 pieces of
iron artifacts were unearthed, which were mirrors,
nails,Fucauldrons, shovels, frying-pans, Pie-open cauldrons,
swords, spearheads and Gouxiang(hooked parrier).
11 jades were unearthed from these tombs; they were mouth
pieces, ear plugs, swordfittings, hand pieces and Bi-discs.
Artifacts made of bone were mainly bead strings and mouth
pieces.
33 stone artifacts were unearthed, which were ink-stones,
pestles, mortars, mouth pieces,and mattress weights; in addition,
a pair of glass ear pendants were unearthed from these tombs.
No chronological inscriptions were found in these excavations;
the only textual inscriptions
were found from bronze mirrors, coins and seals.
By comparing, contrasting and lining up, we divided the tombs
yielding clear pottery assemblages among the 151 excavated ones
into eight groups by burial types, pottery assemblages, bronze
mirror styles and bronze coin issuing dates, and referred to the
similar tomb types in other regions, dated them as the following.
The Early Stage of the Western Han Dynasty (the reigns of
Emperors Wen, Jing ), which included ten tombs; the first and
second phases of the Middle Stage of the Western Han Dynasty (the
first phase coincided to the reigns of Emperors Jing and Wu, the
second phase coincided to the reigns of Emperors Zhao and Xuan),
which included 47 tombs; the first and second phases of the Later
Stage of the Western Han Dynasty (the first phase coincided to the
reigns of Emperors Cheng, Ai and Ping, the second phase coincided
to the "Xin" Dynasty founded by Wang Mang), which included 60
tombs; the Early Stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty (around the
reigns of the Emperors Guangwu through Zhang), which included 10
tombs and the Middle Stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty (around the
reigns of Emperors He through An), which included 20 tombs.
This report consists of three parts. Part One describes the
geographical location, historic changes and the outlined
introduction of the cemetery location, and the procedure of the
excavations. Part Two records the data of the selected 151 tombs
in detail and Part Three is the compilers and editors" preliminary
studies and explorations to some relevant issues based on the
materials in Part Two.
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第一章 概述 第一節 地理位置和歷史沿革 一 自然地理環境 二 歷史沿革 第二節 墓葬概況及發掘經過 一 墓葬分布概況 二 發掘經過 第二章 墓葬資料 第一節 張村漢墓 一 XZM7 二 XZM8 三 XZM9 四 XZM10 五 XZM11 六 XZM13 七 XZM14 八 XZM15 九 XZM16 一○ XZM17 一一 XZM18 一二 XZM21 一三 XZM22 第二節 馮樓漢墓 一 XFM3 二 XFM5 三 XFM8 四 XFM10 五 XFM13 六 XFM15 七 XFM24 八 XFM26 九 XFM27 一○ XFM28 一一 XFM32 一二 XFM36 一三 XFM38 一四 XFM41 一五 XFM42 一六 XFM44 一七 XFM45 一八 XFM46 一九 XFM47 二○ XFM49 二一 XFM50 二二 XFM53 二三 XFM56 二四 XFM57 二五 XFM58 二六 XFM60 二七 XFM62 二八 XFM63 二九 XFM65 三○ XFM70 三一 XFM74 三二 XFM85 三三 XFM86 三四 XFM87 三五 XFM88 第三節 王山窩漢墓 一 XWM7 二 XWM15 三 XWM18 四 XWM22 五 XWM23 六 XWM24 七 XWM25 八 XWM27 九 XWM39 一○ XWM50 第四節 破閣漢墓 一 XPM61 二 XPM62 三 XPM65 四 XPM66 五 XPM70 六 XPM71 七 XPM72 八 XPM73 九 XPM75 一○ XPM79 一一 XPM80 一二 XPM82 一三 XPM83 一四 XPM84 一五 XPM85 一六 XPM86 一七 XPM87 一八 XPM88 一九 XPM89 二○ XPM90 二一 XPM91 二二 XPM92 二三 XPM93 二四 XPM94 二五 XPM99 二六 XPM100 二七 XPM102 二八 XPM103 二九 XPM104 三○ XPM106 三一 XPM107 三二 XPM108 三三 XPM111 三四 XPM112 三五 XPM113 三六 XPM118 三七 XPM119 三八 XPM120 三九 XPM121 四○ XPM122 四一 XPM124 四二 XPM125 四三 XPM127 四四 XPM128 四五 XPM129 四六 XPM130 四七 XPM131 四八 XPM133 四九 XPM134 五○ XPM135 五一 XPM138 五二 XPM139 五三 XPM141 五四 XPM142 五五 XPM145 五六 XPM147 五七 XPM150 五八 XPM154 五九 XPM156 六○ XPM157 六一 XPM158 六二 XPM159 六三 XPM161 六四 XPM163 六五 XPM164 六六 XPM166 六七 XPM167 六八 XPM168 六九 XPM169 七○ XPM170 七一 XPM171 七二 XPM172 七三 XPM173 第五節 車牛返漢墓 一 XCM3 二 XCM4 三 XCM5 四 XCM7 五 XCM8 六 XCM9 七 XCM10 八 XCM11 九 XCM20 一○ XCM22 一一 XCM24 一二 XCM25 一三 XCM27 一四 XCM29 一五 XCM30 一六 XCM34 一七 XCM38 一八 XCM39 一九 XCM40 二○ XCM41 第三章 整理與研究 第一節 墓葬形制 一 墓葬類型 二 封土、填土、封門 三 葬具和葬式 四 隨葬品種類及陳置 第二節 陶器 一 質地與紋飾 二 型式劃分 三 陶器組合分析 第三節 銅鏡與銅錢 一 銅鏡 二 銅鏡年代 三 銅錢 四 銅錢年代 第四節 其他 第五節 墓葬分期及年代 第六節 畫像石 一 漢畫像石墓形制及畫像在墓室的分布 二 漢畫像石的題材內容 三 漢畫像石的雕刻技法 四 漢畫像石的分期 結語 附表 蕭縣漢墓統計表 附錄 安徽蕭縣漢墓出土部分漢代施釉陶瓷的1A—ICP—AES分析 後記 英文提要
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