How can we envisage a new language and culture pedagogy that breaks with the tradition of viewing language as part of a closed national universe of culture， history， people and mentality， and begins to see itself as a field operating in a complex and dynamic world characterised by transnational flows of people， commodities and ideas? Initially， to understand the field and its current challenges， we must understand its history， and the first part of this book contains a critical analysis of the history of the intemational field of culture teaching- the first historical treatment of this field ever written. The next part of the book focuses on how we can build a framework for a new transnational language and culture pedagogy that aims at the education of world citizens whose intercultural competence includes critical multilingual and multicultural awareness in a global perspective.

利桑佳（Karen Risager），is Dr. Phil. and Professor in Cultural Encounters at the Department of Culture and Identity， Roskilde University， Denmark. She has conducted interdisciplinary research for thirty years within the fields of language and culture teaching， cultural studies and sociolinguitics， internationalisation and intercultural competence， and the language and cultural learning of adult migrants. She is one of the initiators of an interdisciplinary Master's programme in Cultural Encounters， focusing on culture， language， identity and power in a global perspective and has published widely.

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★"Risager s book offers us not only an excellent overview of the history of culture teach-ing， but also a new transnational perspective on language education. Within the Danish context， Risager 's work has been highly influential in developing our reflections on language teaching and learning. I am very happy that this is now made available to a wider audience.t "
——Anne Holmen， Professor， Head of the Doctoral School of Educationat the Danish University of Education， Denmark

Acknowledgements
Foreword
MichaeIByram

1 Modem Language Studies: Language, Culture, Nation
Introduction
Culture Pedagogy: A Presentation
Theories of Nationality: Some Central Concepts
The History of Culture Pedagogy: Method of Analysis
Overview ofThis Book

2 Culture Pedagogy up to the 1960s
Introduction
The Conceptof Realia
Earlier Culture Pedagogy from 1880
More Recent Culture Pedagogy: The USA in the 1960s
Conclusion

3 Culture Pedagogy in the 1970s: Knowledge of Society
Introduction
TheUSAinthe1970s
Europein the 1970s
The Council of Europe and Great Britain in the 1970s
West Germany in the 1970s
The USSR and the GDR in the 1970s
Franceinthe1970s
Denmark and Norway in the 1970s
Conclusion

4 Culture Pedagogy in the 1980s: The Marriage of Language
and Culture
Introduction
TheUSAinthe 1980s
Europein the 1980s
The Council of Europe in the 1980s
West Germany in the 1980s
Franceinthe 1980s
Great Britainin the 1980s
Language and Culture in Language Teaching:
The Marriage Metaphor
Conclusion

5 Culture Pedagogy in the 1990s: Internationalisation and the Intercultural
Introduction
The USA and Canada in the 1990s
Europeinthe 1990s
Germanyinthe 1990s
Franceinthe 1990s
Great Britainin the 1990s
Other European Countries in the 1990s
Outside Europe and the USA/Canada in the 1990s
Conclusion

6 Culture Pedagogy Today: Questioning of the National Paradigm
Introduction
The USA in the Years after 2000
Europe in the Years after 2000
Outside Europe and the USA in the Years after 2000
Conclusion
The Diversity of Culture Pedagogy

7 Language and Culture: The Structure of the Complexity
Introduction
Linguistic Flows in Social Networks
Languaculture
Discourse
Cultural Contexts
Cultural Contents
The Language-Culture Nexus
Conclusion

8 Towards a Transnational Language and Culture Pedagogy
Introduction
The National Paradigm
The Transnational Paradigm
……
9 The Intercultural Competence of the World Citizen
References
Authorlndex
Subjectlndex