托馬斯?普格爾（Thomas Pugel），經濟學博士，美國紐約大學斯特恩商學院經濟學與國際商務教授，主要研究和著作領域為國際產業競爭、政府的國際貿易政策和產業政策。曾任日本青山大學客座教授，並在中國工業科技管理大連培訓中心任教。1991年榮獲紐約大學傑出教學獎，並兩次被斯特恩商學院評選為“年度教授”。

Chapter 1 International Economics Is Different

PART ONE THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Chapter 2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and Supply
Chapter 3 Why Everybody Trades： Comparative Advantage
Chapter 4 Trade： Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are Key
Chapter 5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade？
Chapter 6 Scale Economies， Imperfect Competition， and Trade
Chapter 7 Growth and Trade

PART TWO TRADE POLICY
Chapter 8 Analysis of a Tariff
Chapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to Imports
Chapter 10 Arguments for and against Protection
Chapter 11 Pushing Exports
Chapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade Blocks
Chapter 13 Trade and the Environment
Chapter 14 Trade Policies for Developing Countries
Chapter 15 Multinationals and Migration： International Factor Movements

APPENDIXES
A．The Web and the Library： International Numbers and Other Information
B．Deriving Production-Possibility Curves
C．Offer Curves
D．The Nationally Optimal Tariff

International economics combines the excitement of world events and the incisiveness of economic analysis. We are in the second great wave of globalization, in which product, capital, and labor markets become more integrated across countries. This second wave, which began in about 1950 and picked up steam in the 1980s, has lasted longer than the first, which began in about 1870 and ended with World War I (or perhaps with the onset of the Great Depression in 1930). In the process of globalization, international trade, foreign direct investment, cross border lending, and international portfolio investments have grown faster than world production. In addition, information, data, and rumors now spread around the world instantly through the Internet and other global electronic media. As the world has become more integrated, countries have become more interdependent. Increasingly, events and policy changes in one country affect many other countries. Also increasingly, companies make decisions about production and product development based on global markets. It is important to recognize, however, that globalization is not inevitable. Since the 2007?2009 global financial and economic crisis, the process of globalization has slowed markedly. To some extent, we may be in a pause to allow regrouping of the economic forces driving globalization. For example, before the crisis, global financial flows may have over expanded, so a retrenchment is healthy. Other forces resisting globalization are political, including rising nationalism. Are national well-being and globalization enemies? A key task of international economics is to examine the national interest within an internationally linked world. My goal in writing and revising this book is to provide the best blend of events and analysis, so that the reader builds the abilities to understand global economic developments and to evaluate proposals for changes in economic policies. The book is informed by current events and by the latest in applied international research. My job is to synthesize all of this to facilitate learning.