適讀人群 ：學生，教師，家長，一般讀者

本書的結構簡單明了，從語用學的發展歷程綜述到語用學的核心術語、重要思想奠基人及重要論著，以及語用學
的哲學淵源和主要思想都做了清晰的梳理。作為一本必讀書目，我們把它推薦給那些研修語言學以及語言與交際的
同學們，尤其是對語用學和語義學感興趣的研究生。

《外語學術核心術語叢書：語用學核心術語》包括五部分內容，結構布局簡單清晰。第一部分“引言”（Introduction）從廣義的角度介紹了語用學的界定及其學科淵源、歷史沿革、研究路徑等；第二部分“核心術語”（Key Terms）闡釋了語用學的一些關鍵術語；第三部分“重要思想奠基人”（Key Thinkers）介紹了對語用學思想或語用學理論發展起著重要作用的代表性學者；第四部分“重要論著”（Key Works）列出了語用學的代表性著作和論文；最後一部分是“索引”（Index），幫助讀者查找《外語學術核心術語叢書：語用學核心術語》中出現的術語和學者。正如著名的語用學家Deirdre Wilson教授所說，“這本書可作為必讀書目推薦給語用學、語言學、語言哲學以及交際心理學方向的學生和研究人員”。

Nicholas Allott博士，曾在英國倫敦大學學院（University College London）攻讀碩士學位和博士學位，師從著名的語用學家、關聯理論創始人Deirdre Wilson教授，深受語用認知思想的影響，並於2007-2008年在英國倫敦大學學院講授語言學課題。從2008年10月到2012年3月，Nicholas Allott博士在挪威*大*古老的大學奧斯陸大學（University of Oslo，前身是皇家費德裡克大學）的心智研究中心從事博士後研究，於2012年4月成為該中心的研究員。

★一個學科或理論的存在必然要通過一定數量的專業性術語來論述，在這個基礎上，我們纔得以初步理解和掌握某學科或理論的整體。“外語學術核心術語叢書”即是以此為原則編寫的為初涉各專業領域的學習者——高校本科生、碩博研究生、年輕教師等，特別是外語語言文學專業學習者——準備的專業入門叢書，每個分冊都包含了針對該學科的導讀、引言、核心術語、重要學者、代表性論著和索引等。
本套叢書對學科內容的梳理繫統、專業，語言通俗、有趣；叢書的選擇既注重學科性，也考慮到多學科性和跨學科性，這是學術界對當代知識傳授與學科發展的嶄新認識。讀者可以按照自己興趣，在此基礎上攀登知識高峰。
——胡壯麟

總 序 iii
導 讀 ix
Acknowledgements 1
Introduction： What Is Pragmatics? 2
Key Terms 21
Key Thinkers 226
Key Works 266
Index 280

《外語學術核心術語叢書：語用學核心術語》：
Performative施為語
A performative is an utterance that does something other than describing a state of affairs. The idea is that some utterances change the world rather than describing it. For example, in saying 'I promise to be there'the speaker is not describing a promise but making it. Equally,when the foreman of a jury says ‘Guilty' or ‘We find the defendant guilty'or the judge says 'I sentence you to life imprisonment' they are creating facts, rather than stating them.
Performatives do not seem to be true or false, as the oddness of this dialogue suggests:
I now pronounce you man and wife.
?? That's not true.
Instead of truth conditions, performatives have felicity conditions.
For example, the speaker in the example above has to have the power to officiate at marriages, the participants must not already be married and so on. If these conditions are not met the act will misfire.
Performatives stand opposed to constatives, which are utterances that just describe states of affairs. This distinction was introduced and then undermined by Austin as a demonstration that all utterances,including assertions, are performatives.
See also: constative, explicit performative, misfire, primary
performative, speech acts Perlocutionary act以言成事行為/言後行為
In speech-act theory, a perlocutionary act is the act of bringing about effects on the addressee by means of the utterance. It is distinguished from the locutionary and illocutionary acts.
Consider a negotiation with a hostage-taker under siege. The police negotiator says: 'If you release the children, we'll allow the press to publish your demands。'In making that utterance she has offered a deal (illocutionary act). Suppose the hostage-taker accepts the deal and as a consequence releases the children, In that case we can say that by making the utterance, the negotiator brought about the release of the children, or in more technical terms, that this was a perlocutionary effect of the utterance.
In practice, it is not always easy to distinguish between the perlocutionary and illocutionary effects of particular utterances. The perlocutionary effects should not be thought to include uptake: that is,understanding of the intended meaning and illocutionary force of the utterance, although uptake is indeed an effect on the addressee, brought about by the utterance. Perlocutionary effects begin where uptake leaves off. Given that the addressee understands (for example) that he has been offered a deal, what effect does that have on him?
See also: illocutionary act, locutionary act, speech acts
Phatic act言說行為
In speech-act theory, the act of making an utterance in a language;the act of uttering certain words and phrases. A phatic act is one component of the basic-level speech act, a locutionary act. A locutionary act also typically comprises a phonic and a thetic act.For example, if a speaker says 'He is at the bank' then in performing the locutionary act of making this utterance, she has uttered certain words in English, making up a particular sentence. This is the phatic act.
Note that this sense of'phatic' should not be confused with phatic communication.
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