前言學術英語（EAP）在大學英語課程設置中占有重要地位，越來越多的學者認為，未來大學英語改革的主要方向是學術英語。學術英語的教學目的是為大學生用英語從事自己的專業學習和學術活動提供語言和能力支撐。該門課程對學生在經濟全球化和高等教育國際化背景下提高英語能力具有重要意義，不僅能夠幫助學生用英語學習專業課程，而且能培養學生在某一學術領域內的學術交流能力。《英語學術論文閱讀與寫作》在編寫過程中突出了三個特點。，融合性。該教材突出英語學術論文閱讀和寫作融合訓練的特色，與通用學術英語相關教材形成很好互補。該書服務於學生學術英語讀寫能力的提升，尤其是英語學術論文閱讀和寫作能力的提升。當前，市場上大多數學術英語教材以通用學術英語詞彙和篇章知識為主，但是融合英語學術論文閱讀和寫作專項訓練的教材並不多見，而學術論文的讀寫能力在所有學術英語聽、說、讀、寫、譯能力中是重中之重。第二，互動性。《英語學術論文閱讀與寫作》在編寫中突出教材使用者與教師之間的互動，的開始都設立“目標”（Aims）和“小測”（Quiz）環節，用於檢測學生知識要點的掌握程度，使學開始之前對相關知識和概念有初步了解，並根據自己的小測結果設立學習目標，從而進行更有效的學習。另外結束處設立“小結”（Remember）環節，用於幫助學生要點，掌握核心內容。第三，任務性。與傳統教材將所有練習後面的做法不同，《英語學術論文閱讀與寫作》突出任務型教學內容由很多“任務”（Task）串聯而成。每一項重點內容後面都會出現一個對應的任務，使學生在完成任務過程中更快更好地掌握相關內容。本教材的編寫和出版得到了北京科技大學“十三五”規劃教材項目的資助，特此致謝。同時，該教材也得到國家留學基金資助。在編寫教材過程中，參考了一些國內外的相關教材和專著，所選取的論文語料來自近期發表的高水平英文國際期刊和學生論文，在此一並感謝。本書的編寫如存在疏漏和不足之處，歡迎同行和廣大讀者批評指正。
何中清2018年9月

Principle 3：Know the structureThough we have academic articles in different disciplines，they have more or less the similar structureAcademic articles are usually marked by a structure of abstract—introduction—procedure—results—conclusion，with one or two sections adding or missingWhen we are doing academic reading，it is important to take a quick look at the structure of the academic article we are about to readIt is very helpful for us to get an overview of the academic articleSteps of reading academic articlesReading academic articles involves some important stepsThese steps may help you undertake academic reading step by step
Step 1：Look at the titleTitles often give key information to indicate what the article discussesFor example：
1A RelevanceTheoretic Analysis of NoteTriggered Impromptu Conversation in Cui and Zhous Talk Show 2The Compiling Principles and Practice of the Online Dictionary：A Case Study of the EnglishChinese Version of Youdao Dictionary
The first title provides us with much information on the articleFirstly,it tells us the research subject that the author is focusing on，that is notetriggered impromptu conversation in Cui and Zhous Talk ShowIt also covers the theoretical framework that the article adopts，namely relevance theoryLikewise，in the second title，the research subject is the compiling principles and practice of the online dictionaryThe subtitle specifies the subject，that is taking Youdao Dictionary as an example
Step 2：Read the abstractThe abstract is a very important part in an academic articleIt often tells us information on the background information of the study，the purposes of the study，the findings of the study，and sometimes the implications of the studyTherefore，it is essential for us to read the abstract before we start to read the whole article
Step 3：Read the introductionThe introduction part of an academic article explicates the research questions，the research purposes and the structure of the articleIt is important for us to get better prepared to read the article by reading the introduction part first
Step 4：Read the conclusionThe conclusion part of an academic article usually summaries the findings of the research and at the same time will provide suggestions for further studiesAccordingly，by reading the conclusion you can get a quick look at the main idea of the research and get some information on followup or further studies
Step 5：Skim the middle，looking at section titles，tables，figures，getting a feel for the style and flow of the paperAsk yourself the following questions： Is it methodological，conceptual，theoretical，empirical or something else? Is it primarily a survey，a novel theoretical contribution，an empirical application of an existing theory or technique，a critique，or something else?
Step 6：Learn to read in both directionsReading academic article is not straightforward onedirection workIt sometimes requires to read back and forth，from the start to the end，and then from the end to the startIt all depends on whether or not you have achieved your reading purposesIf you have not found what you need at the end of your reading，it is very likely that you need to read backwards，and then forwards
Step 7：Read the bibliographyThe bibliography provides very important information on research sources that the author draws onBy reading the bibliography，you can find some new reference entries that are important to you and you are also very likely to find unfamiliar reference entriesThese entries play an essential role in helping you develop your own working bibliography for your research
Step 8：Critical readingOnce you have grasped the basic argument the author is trying to make，try to critique itAsk yourself the following questions when you finish your reading： Was there anything that was left unfinished?Did the author raise questions or make points that were left orphaned in the paper? What does the point made by the argument mean in or to the larger context of the discipline and of contemporary society? Is the organization of the article clear?Does it reflect the organization of the thesis statement? Does the authors disciplinary focus lead her or him to ignore other ideas? What did you learn?What are you going to do with this information?Principle 3：Know the structureThough we have academic articles in different disciplines，they have more or less the similar structureAcademic articles are usually marked by a structure of abstract—introduction—procedure—results—conclusion，with one or two sections adding or missingWhen we are doing academic reading，it is important to take a quick look at the structure of the academic article we are about to readIt is very helpful for us to get an overview of the academic articleSteps of reading academic articlesReading academic articles involves some important stepsThese steps may help you undertake academic reading step by step
Step 1：Look at the titleTitles often give key information to indicate what the article discussesFor example：
1A RelevanceTheoretic Analysis of NoteTriggered Impromptu Conversation in Cui and Zhous Talk Show 2The Compiling Principles and Practice of the Online Dictionary：A Case Study of the EnglishChinese Version of Youdao Dictionary
The first title provides us with much information on the articleFirstly,it tells us the research subject that the author is focusing on，that is notetriggered impromptu conversation in Cui and Zhous Talk ShowIt also covers the theoretical framework that the article adopts，namely relevance theoryLikewise，in the second title，the research subject is the compiling principles and practice of the online dictionaryThe subtitle specifies the subject，that is taking Youdao Dictionary as an example
Step 2：Read the abstractThe abstract is a very important part in an academic articleIt often tells us information on the background information of the study，the purposes of the study，the findings of the study，and sometimes the implications of the studyTherefore，it is essential for us to read the abstract before we start to read the whole article
Step 3：Read the introductionThe introduction part of an academic article explicates the research questions，the research purposes and the structure of the articleIt is important for us to get better prepared to read the article by reading the introduction part first
Step 4：Read the conclusionThe conclusion part of an academic article usually summaries the findings of the research and at the same time will provide suggestions for further studiesAccordingly，by reading the conclusion you can get a quick look at the main idea of the research and get some information on followup or further studies
Step 5：Skim the middle，looking at section titles，tables，figures，getting a feel for the style and flow of the paperAsk yourself the following questions： Is it methodological，conceptual，theoretical，empirical or something else? Is it primarily a survey，a novel theoretical contribution，an empirical application of an existing theory or technique，a critique，or something else?
Step 6：Learn to read in both directionsReading academic article is not straightforward onedirection workIt sometimes requires to read back and forth，from the start to the end，and then from the end to the startIt all depends on whether or not you have achieved your reading purposesIf you have not found what you need at the end of your reading，it is very likely that you need to read backwards，and then forwards
Step 7：Read the bibliographyThe bibliography provides very important information on research sources that the author draws onBy reading the bibliography，you can find some new reference entries that are important to you and you are also very likely to find unfamiliar reference entriesThese entries play an essential role in helping you develop your own working bibliography for your research
Step 8：Critical readingOnce you have grasped the basic argument the author is trying to make，try to critique itAsk yourself the following questions when you finish your reading： Was there anything that was left unfinished?Did the author raise questions or make points that were left orphaned in the paper? What does the point made by the argument mean in or to the larger context of the discipline and of contemporary society? Is the organization of the article clear?Does it reflect the organization of the thesis statement? Does the authors disciplinary focus lead her or him to ignore other ideas? What did you learn?What are you going to do with this information?