了得網研究生_繫統分析與設計(英文版.第3版)

內容簡介

本書是繫統分析與設計的經典教材之一。本書由五個部分組成：部分給出繫統開發的概貌，並簡要介紹全書內容；第二部分討論怎樣評估項目可行性，建立基線項目；第三部分介紹繫統需求的確定、過程建模、概念建模和*設計；第四部分介紹如何設計人機界面和數據庫；第五部分介紹繫統實現、操作和維護。此外書後還包括“面向對像分析與設計”和“敏捷方法”兩個附錄。全書按照繫統開發生命周期進行組織，並且反應了SAD中的*趨勢，包括敏捷方法學、極限編程等新一代開發方法。此外，書中配有大量的習題和豐富的案例。
本書適合作為信息管理、計算機科學、軟件工程以及MBA等相關專業“繫統分析與設計”課程的教材，同時也適合相關領域技術人員參考。

作者簡介

Joseph S.Valacich是華盛頓州立大學普爾曼分校商務與經濟院院長和教授。他教授過繫統分析與設計、集成計算、項目管理和管理信息繫統等課程。他是美國信息繫統教學改革的主要人物之一，曾是CSAB（計算機科學評估委員會，代表信息繫統協會）的執行委員，現為CSAB理事。

Contents

PART IFOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT2

Chapter 1The Systems Development Environment2
What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design?4
Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts4
Systems6
Definition of a System and Its Parts6
Important System Concepts7
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design10
Your Role in Systems Development11
Outsourcing12
Sources of Software13Contents

PART IFOUNDATIONS FOR SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT2

Chapter 1The Systems Development Environment2
What Is Information Systems Analysis and Design?4
Systems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts4
Systems6
Definition of a System and Its Parts6
Important System Concepts7
A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design10
Your Role in Systems Development11
Outsourcing12
Sources of Software13
Types of Information Systems and Systems Development17
Transaction Processing Systems18
Management Information Systems18
Decision Support Systems19
Information Systems: An Overview19
Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle20
Phase 1: Systems Planning and Selection22
Phase 2: Systems Analysis22
Phase 3: Systems Design23
Phase 4: Systems Implementation and Operation23
Approaches to Development26
Prototyping26
Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) Tools26
Joint Application Design27
Rapid Application Development27
Participatory Design29
Agile Methodologies29
Key Points Review30
Key Terms Checkpoint31
Review Questions32
Problems and Exercises32
Discussion Questions33
Case Problems33

Chapter 2Managing the Information Systems Project36
Pine Valley Furniture Company Background38
Managing the Information Systems Project39
Initiating the Project43
Planning the Project46
Executing the Project52
Closing Down the Project54
Representing and Scheduling Project Plans56
Representing Project Plans57
Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT58
Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture59
Using Project Management Software62
Establishing a Project Starting Date63
Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships63
Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports64
Key Points Review65
Key Terms Checkpoint66
Review Questions67
Problems and Exercises67
Discussion Questions69
Case Problems69
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Company Background71

PART IISYSTEMS PLANNING AND SELECTION78

Chapter 3Systems Planning and Selection78
Identifying and Selecting Projects80
The Process of Identifying and Selecting Information Systems Development Projects 80
Deliverables and Outcomes83
Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects84
The Process of Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects84
Deliverables and Outcomes85
Assessing Project Feasibility86
Assessing Economic Feasibility89
Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns95
Building the Baseline Project Plan96
Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan100
PVF WebStore: Systems Planning and Selection104
Internet Basics104
Pine Valley Furniture WebStore105
Key Points Review108
Key Terms Checkpoint109
Review Questions110
Problems and Exercises110
Discussion Questions111
Case Problems111
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Initiating and Planning a Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System113

PART IIISYSTEMS ANALYSIS118

Chapter 4Determining System Requirements118
Performing Requirements Determination120
The Process of Determining Requirements120
Deliverables and Outcomes121
Requirements Structuring122
Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements122
Interviewing and Listening122
Directly Observing Users127
Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents128
Modern Methods for Determining System Requirements133
Joint Application Design133
Using Prototyping during Requirements Determination136
Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements137
Identifying Processes to Reengineer138
Disruptive Technologies139
PVF WebStore: Determining System Requirements139
System Layout and Navigation Characteristics140
WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities140
Customer and Inventory Information141
System Prototype Evolution142
Key Points Review143
Key Terms Checkpoint143
Review Questions144
Problems and Exercises144
Discussion Questions145
Case Problems145
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Determining Requirements for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System146

Chapter 5Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling150
Process Modeling152
Modeling a System's Process152
Deliverables and Outcomes152
Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics153
Definitions and Symbols154
Developing DFDs: An Example156
Data-Flow Diagramming Rules159
Decomposition of DFDs160
Balancing DFDs162
Using Data-Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process164
Guidelines for Drawing DFDs164
Using DFDs as Analysis Tools167
Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering167
Logic Modeling169
Modeling Logic with Structured English170
Modeling Logic with Decision Tables172
PVF WebStore: Process Modeling176
Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore176
Logic Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore177
Key Points Review180
Key Terms Checkpoint180
Review Questions181
Problems and Exercises182
Discussion Questions187
Case Problems187
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Process Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System189

Chapter 6Structuring System Requirements: Conceptual Data Modeling194
Conceptual Data Modeling196
The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling197
Deliverables and Outcomes198
Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling201
Introduction to Entity-Relationship Modeling202
Entities203
Attributes204
Candidate Keys and Identifiers205
Multivalued Attributes206
Relationships207
Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model208
Degree of a Relationship208
Cardinalities in Relationships209
An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger212
PVF WebStore: Conceptual Data Modeling216
Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore216
Key Points Review220
Key Terms Checkpoint221
Review Questions222
Problems and Exercises222
Discussion Questions225
Case Problems225
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc.Conceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System226

Chapter 7Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy230
Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy232
The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy233
Deliverables and Outcomes233
Generating Alternative Design Strategies234
Issues to Consider in Generating Alternatives236
Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software236
Hardware and System Software Issues238
Implementation Issues239
Developing Design Strategies for Hoosier Burger's New Inventory Control System240
Selecting the Most Likely Alternative242
Updating the Baseline Project Plan243
Before and After Baseline Project Plans for Hoosier Burger245
PVF WebStore: Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy249
Selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 249
Key Points Review252
Key Terms Checkpoint252
Review Questions253
Problems and Exercises253
Discussion Questions254
Case Problems254
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Formulating a Design Strategy for the Web-Based Customer Relationship Management System258

PART IVSYSTEMS DESIGN262

Chapter 8Designing the Human Interface262
Designing Forms and Reports264
The Process of Designing Forms and Reports264
Deliverables and Outcomes266
Formatting Forms and Reports267
Designing Interfaces and Dialogues276
The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues276
Deliverables and Outcomes276
Designing Interfaces277
Providing Feedback284
Designing Dialogues287
PVF WebStore: Designing the Human Interface290
General Guidelines for Designing Web Interfaces290
General Guidelines for Web Layouts292
Designing the Human Interface at Pine Valley Furniture293
Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs294
Lightweight Graphics294
Forms and Data Integrity295
Template-Based HTML295
Key Points Review295
Key Terms Checkpoint296
Review Questions297
Problems and Exercises297
Discussion Questions298
Case Problems298
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Human Interface for the Customer Relationship Management System300

Chapter 9Designing Databases304
Database Design306
The Process of Database Design306
Deliverables and Outcomes309
Relational Database Model312
Well-Structured Relations313
Normalization313
Rules of Normalization314
Functional Dependence and Primary Keys314
Second Normal Form315
Third Normal Form315
Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations316
Represent Entities317
Represent Relationships318
Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations321
Merging Relations321
An Example of Merging Relations321
View Integration Problems322
Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger323
Physical File and Database Design326
Designing Fields327
Choosing Data Types327
Controlling Data Integrity329
Designing Physical Tables330
Arranging Table Rows333
Designing Controls for Files337
Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger337
PVF WebStore: Designing Databases339
Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore340
Key Points Review342
Key Terms Checkpoint344
Review Questions345
Problems and Exercises345
Discussion Questions347
Case Problems348
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing the Relational Database for the Customer Relationship Management System349

PART V SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION352

Chapter 10Systems Implementation and Operation352
Systems Implementation and Operation354
The Processes of Coding, Testing, and Installation355
Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation355
The Processes of Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users356
Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users357
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems357
Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining Information Systems358
Software Application Testing359
Seven Different Types of Tests359
The Testing Process361
Acceptance Testing by Users363
Installation363
Planning Installation364
Documenting the System367
User Documentation367
Preparing User Documentation369
Training and Supporting Users370
Training Information System Users370
Supporting Information System Users373
Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider374
Why Implementation Sometimes Fails374
Project Closedown376
Conducting Systems Maintenance377
Types of Maintenance377
The Cost of Maintenance378
Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness379
Controlling Maintenance Requests380
Configuration Management381
Role of CASE and Automated Development Tools in Maintenance382
Web Site Maintenance382
Maintaining an Information System at Pine Valley Furniture383
PVF WebStore: Systems Implementation and Operation384
Systems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore384
Key Points Review387
Key Terms Checkpoint388
Review Questions390
Problems and Exercises390
Discussion Questions391
Case Problems391
Case: Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc. Designing a Testing Plan for the Customer Relationship Management System392

Appendix AObject-Oriented Analysis and Design397
The Object-Oriented Modeling Approach397
Use-Case Modeling398
Object Modeling: Class Diagrams401
Representing Associations402
Representing Generalization405
Representing Aggregation406
Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams407
Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams408
Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram410
Moving to Design411
Key Points Review413
Key Terms Checkpoint414
Review Questions415
Problems and Exercises415

Appendix BAgile Methodologies417
The Trend to Agile Methodologies417
Agile Methodologies418
eXtreme Programming420
The Heart of the Systems Development Process421
Requirements Determination422
Design Specifications425
Implementation427
Key Points Review427
Key Terms Checkpoint428
Review Questions428
Problems and Exercises428

References429
Glossary of Acronyms435
Glossary of Terms437
Index443

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