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開本：16開 紙張：膠版紙 包裝：精裝 是否套裝：否 國際標準書號ISBN：9787122371843 作者：吳宇平，朱玉松，（南非）特尼斯·範·雷 出版社：化學工業出版社 出版時間：2020年10月
" 內容簡介 《Introduction to New Energy Materials and Devices》一書，全面繫統地介紹太陽能、氫能、生物質能、核能、動力電池、儲能和燃料電池等研究的基礎知識和*進展。以儲能和換能為順序，先繫統介紹了目前電化學儲能繫統，如鋰離子電池、其他新型電池和超級電容器的工作機理、發展歷史和*進展；接著介紹了常見的換能繫統如燃料電池、太陽能電池、太陽能制氫的研究現狀和未來趨勢；*後簡單介紹了生物質能、核能和其他新能源的發展展望。本書深入淺出，每一章均從基礎知識講起，內容涉及材料、物理、化學、電子、機械等多學科，知識體繫涉及固體物理、電化學、材料科學與基礎、半導體物理與器件、薄膜技術與材料等。接著從基礎講到應用，探討對應儲能換能器件的組裝、存在的問題和發展方向。該書既避免枯燥的機理介紹，又能使讀者在對儲能換能器件的深入了解中加深對機理的了解。本書采用全英文編寫，不僅適合於高等院校與新能源領域相關的本科生、研究生的雙語教材或參考書，也適合於相關的科研與管理工作者入門參考之一。 作者簡介 吳宇平，南京工業大學能源科學與工程學院院長，教授，博導。國家自然科學基金“傑出青年基金”獲得者（2015），第十三批中組部“國家千人計劃” 創業人纔項目入選者（2016），江蘇省“雙創計劃”人纔（2017），連續三年（2015-2017）入選全球高被引學者名單，入選全球具影響力的科研菁英名單（2015）。主要研究方向為新型儲能體繫及其關鍵材料的研究和開發。目前主持完成國家自然科學基金項目4項、科技部國際合作項目1項，參加完成國家科技部“973”項目1項。目前主持國家傑出青年基金1項、國家自然科學基金委-廣東省聯合重點項目1項，並參與了國家重點研發計劃“基於材料基因組技術的全固態鋰電池及其關鍵材料研發”項目。已在國際專業學術期刊如Chem. Soc. Rev., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.、Prog. Mater. Sci.、Energy Environ. Sci.、Adv. Mater.、Adv. Energy Mater.、Nano Lett.發表學術論文300餘篇，37篇被列入ESI本領域高引用文章，被SCI核心期刊引用超過1萬餘次，H-指數58；授權發明專利35項；編寫了有關能源儲存繫統與材料的中英文著作6部，全球銷量超過5萬冊；多次受邀到國外訪問和/或作邀請報告和演講；多次參加美國、澳大利亞、韓國、南非等國家的博士論文和科研項目進行評審；並兼任多個國際會議的國際顧問。 目錄 Chapter 1Introduction 001
1.1Brief introduction to world energy consumption 001
1.2History of various new energy materials and devices 006
1.2.1Batteries 006
1.2.2Supercapacitors 008
1.2.3Fuel cells 009
1.2.4Solar cells 010
Chapter 1Introduction 001
1.1Brief introduction to world energy consumption 001
1.2History of various new energy materials and devices 006
1.2.1Batteries 006
1.2.2Supercapacitors 008
1.2.3Fuel cells 009
1.2.4Solar cells 010
1.2.5Biomass energy 012
1.2.6Nuclear energy 012
1.3Principles of various new energy materials and devices 013
1.3.1Principles of metal-ion secondary batteries 013
1.3.2Principles of other secondary batteries 014
1.3.3Principles of fuel cells 015
1.3.4Principles of supercapacitors 017
1.3.5Principles of solar cells 017
1.3.6Principles of solar-to-hydrogen 018
1.3.7Principles of biomass energy 019
1.3.8Principles of nuclear energy 019
1.4Some requirements for various new energy materials and devices 020
1.4.1Requirements for lithium secondary batteries 020
1.4.2Requirements of other secondary batteries 020
1.4.3Requirements of fuel cells 022
1.4.4Requirements of supercapacitors 023
1.4.5Requirements of solar cells 023
1.4.6Requirements of solar-to-hydrogen conversion 023
1.4.7Requirements of biomass energy 024
1.4.8Requirements of nuclear energy 024
1.5About this book 024
References 025
Chapter 2Lithium secondary batteries 028
2.1Positive electrode materials for LIBs 029
2.1.1LiCoO2-based positive electrode materials 030
2.1.2LiNiO2-based positive electrode materials 031
2.1.3LiMn2O4-based positive electrode materials 032
2.1.4LiFePO4-based positive electrode materials 034
2.1.5LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) positive electrode materials 034
2.2Negative electrode materials for LIBs 036
2.2.1Graphite 036
2.2.2Si-based materials 038
2.2.3Titanium oxides 038
2.3Electrolytes for LIBs 039
2.3.1Liquid electrolytes 040
2.3.2Solid electrolytes 043
2.4Separators for LIBs 045
2.4.1The functions and characteristics of the separator 045
2.4.2Separator types 046
2.4.3Separator preparation methods 047
2.5Aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries 049
2.5.1First generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries 050
2.5.2Second generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries 051
2.5.3Third generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries 052
2.5.4Side-reactions with H2O and O2 in an electrolyte 053
2.5.5Water-in-salt aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries 054
2.6Li-sulfur batteries 054
2.6.1Principles of Li-sulfur batteries 055
2.6.2Sulfur positive electrodes 056
2.6.3Electrolytes for Li-sulfur batteries 056
2.7Li-air batteries 057
2.7.1Water-based lithium-air batteries 059
2.7.2Organic lithium-air batteries 059
2.7.3Water-organic two-liquid system lithium-air batteries 059
2.7.4Solid-state lithium-air batteries 060
2.7.5Ionic liquid system lithium-air batteries 060
References 060
Chapter 3Other secondary batteries 065
3.1Redox flow batteries 065
3.1.1Polysulfide bromide battery (PSB) 068
3.1.2ZNBR battery 068
3.1.3Vanadium redox flow battery (VFB) 069
3.2Na-S battery 070
3.2.1Principle of operation 070
3.2.2The configuration of the NAS battery 072
3.2.3NAS battery features 073
3.2.4Composition and crystalline structure of b-alumina 074
3.2.5Challenges of NAS batteries 075
3.3Other metal-air batteries 075
References 079
Chapter 4Fuel cells 082
4.1Introduction 082
4.1.1Some history 082
4.1.2Ordinary fuel cells 083
4.1.3Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells 084
4.1.4Types of fuel cells 087
4.2Fuel cell thermodynamics 095
4.2.1How a basic fuel cell works 095
4.2.2Fuel cell performance 095
4.2.3Fuel cell internal energy 097
4.2.4First law of thermodynamics 097
4.2.5The second law of thermodynamics 098
4.2.6What are thermodynamic potential and enthalpy 098
4.2.7The calculation of reaction enthalpy 100
4.2.8The Gibbs free energy 100
4.2.9Factors influencing reversible voltage and calculation 101
4.2.10Ideal fuel cell efficiency and actual fuel cell efficiency 103
4.3Fuel cell reaction kinetics 104
4.3.1Current basic physical quantity calculation 104
4.3.2Calculation of reaction rate 105
4.3.3Tiffier equation 105
4.3.4Responsive charge transfer 106
4.3.5Charge transfer can cause voltage loss 107
4.3.6The physical significance of conductivity 108
4.4Fuel cell systems 108
4.4.1General description of fuel cell systems 108
4.4.2Fuel cell stack 109
4.4.3Fuel transfer processing subsystem 110
4.4.4Power transmission subsystem 111
4.4.5Fuel cell design levels: the unit cell, the stack, and the system 112
4.5Fuel cell based power systems 115
4.5.1Hybrid fuel cell power system 115
4.5.2Standalone fuel cell power system 116
4.5.3Grid connected fuel cell power systems 116
4.6Applications of fuel cells 117
4.6.1Fuel cell vehicles 117
4.6.2Telecommunications 118
4.6.3Underwater vehicles 118
4.6.4Future targets 118
4.7Conclusion 119
References 119
Chapter 5Supercapacitors 123
5.1Introduction 123
5.2Charge storage mechanism of supercapacitors 124
5.2.1Electrochemical double-layer capacitors 124
5.2.2Pseudocapacitors 127
5.2.3Hybrid capacitor devices 128
5.3Electrolytes 129
5.3.1Aqueous electrolytes 131
5.3.2Organic electrolytes 132
5.3.3Ionic-liquid-based electrolytes 135
5.3.4Solid- and quasi-solid-state electrolytes 135
5.4Electrode materials for EDLCs 137
5.4.1Carbon materials with different-scaled pores 137
5.4.2Activated carbons (ACs) 138
5.4.3Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) 139
5.4.4Graphene-based electrode materials 140
5.4.5Other carbon structures 142
5.5Electrode materials for pseudocapacitors 143
5.5.1Noble metal oxides 143
5.5.2Transition metal oxides and hydroxides 145
5.5.3Conducting polymers (CPs) 146
5.6Hybrid capacitors 149
5.6.1Acidic HCs 149
5.6.2Alkaline HCs 149
5.6.3Lithium-ion capacitors 150
5.6.4Sodium-ion capacitors 151
5.7Supercapacitor performance 153
5.8Applications of supercapacitors 154
References 155
Chapter 6Solar cells 159
6.1Introduction 159
6.1.1History 160
6.1.2Classification of solar cells 162
6.1.3Some PV parameters 163
6.1.4Principles of solar cells 169
6.2Silicon-based solar cells 176
6.2.1Introduction to Si-based solar cells 176
6.2.2Electrode materials 177
6.2.3Basic processing and key materials 178
6.3GaAs solar cells 181
6.3.1History of the GaAs solar cell 181
6.3.2Comparison with silicon-based solar cells 182
6.3.3Other properties of GaAs materials 182
6.3.4Performance of GaAs solar cells 183
6.4Dye-sensitized solar cells 183
6.4.1History of dye-sensitized solar cells 184
6.4.2Principle of operation of a DSSC 185
6.4.3Assembly of dye-sensitized solar cells 186
6.4.4Main components of DSSCs 187
6.5Organic /Polymer solar cells 187
6.5.1History of the polymer solar cell 188
6.5.2Principles of polymer solar cells 189
6.5.3Advantages of polymer solar cells 189
6.5.4Structure of a polymer solar cell 190
6.5.5Key materials for polymer solar cells 190
6.5.6Development of polymer solar cells 191
6.6Perovskite solar cells 192
6.6.1Perovskite solar cell history 192
6.6.2Principles of perovskite solar cells 192
6.6.3Key materials for perovskite solar cells 192
6.7Solar power in China 193
References 193
Chapter 7Solar-to-Hydrogen 199
7.1Hydrogen energy 199
7.2Hydrogen production from solar radiation 200
7.3Direct solar thermal hydrogen generation 201
7.4Concentrated solar thermochemical hydrogen production 203
7.4.1Thermodynamics of solar thermochemical processes 203
7.4.2Thermochemical processes 205
7.5 Solar photochemical hydrogen production 209
7.6Photocatalytic hydrogen production 210
7.6.1Principles of photocatalytic hydrogen generation 210
7.6.2Key photocatalytic hydrogen generation processes 211
7.6.3Evaluating photocatalytic water splitting systems 211
7.6.4UV photocatalysts for water splitting 212
7.6.5Visible light photocatalysts for H2 production 214
7.6.6Main challenges and opportunities 222
7.7Photobiological hydrogen generation 223
7.7.1Biological hydrogen production processes 223
7.7.2Microbiology 227
7.7.3Key enzymes 227
7.7.4Genetic modification of microorganisms 228
7.7.5Theoretical considerations 228
7.7.6Energy analysis and purification of hydrogen 229
7.8Solar-hydrogen energy systems 230
References 231
Chapter 8Biomass energy 234
8.1Introduction of biomass energy 234
8.1.1Definition and features 235
8.1.2Main resource categories 235
8.1.3Conversion technologies 236
8.1.4The risks and rewards of energy from biomass 237
8.2Biofuel characteristics 238
8.3Bioethanol 239
8.3.1Biomass resources 240
8.3.2Detailed process technology 242
8.4Biodiesel 247
8.4.1Synthesis technology 248
8.4.2Global biodiesel status 248
8.5Gaseous biomass energy production 249
8.5.1Biogas 249
8.5.2Biomass gasification 251
8.6Biomass power generation (BPG) 252
8.6.1BPG in China 253
8.6.2BPG in other countries 254
8.7Outlook 255
References 256
Chapter 9Nuclear energy 260
9.1Introduction 260
9.2What is nuclear energy 261
9.3The physical basis of a nuclear reactor 263
9.3.1The nucleus and nuclear energy 264
9.3.2Radioactivity 265
9.3.3Types and patterns of decay 265
9.3.4Nuclear reactions 266
9.4Nuclear electric power generation 266
9.5Nuclear reactor types and raw materials 269
9.5.1Nuclear reactor classification 269
9.5.2Pressurized water reactor 270
9.5.3Boiling water reactor 270
9.5.4Heavy water reactor 271
9.5.5Graphite reactor 271
9.6Power generation principles 272
9.6.1Advantages 274
9.6.2Disadvantages 274
9.7Nuclear resources 275
9.7.1Marine nuclear resources 275
9.7.2The nuclear resources of the moon 276
9.8Nuclear safety 276
9.9Nuclear energy development in China 278
References 281
Chapter 10Other energy 285
10.1Introduction 285
10.2Wind energy 286
10.2.1Development of wind energy 286
10.2.2Utilization of wind energy 290
10.2.3Wind turbines 292
10.2.4The global wind energy situation 294
10.3Geothermal energy 297
10.3.1History of geothermal energy 298
10.3.2Types of geothermal energy 299
10.3.3Resources 300
10.3.4Application scenarios of geothermal energy 301
10.3.5Challenges of geothermal energy 302
10.4Marine energy 303
10.4.1Characteristics of marine energy 304
10.4.2Forms of marine energy 305
10.4.3Use patterns for electricity generation 306
10.4.4Installed capacity of ocean energy 307
10.4.5Challenges of ocean energy 308
10.4.6Prospect forecast of ocean energy 309
10.5Conclusion 310
References 310
Index 313
前言 With the rapid development of the research and development of China in the field of new energies such as solar cells, wind energy, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, more and more foreigners come to China for study and collaboration. And more students want to communicate timely with the foreigners. Here for the first time we take an initial step to compile a series of books for the majority, New Energy Materials and Devices, in English. This is the second book in English. The first one entitled “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications” was published in 2015 by CRC Press, and this is the second one. The finishing of this book got the financial support of China Science and Technology Academic Works Publishing Fund and laborious work from our lab members including Zaichun Liu, Weigang Wang, Deqing Cao, Daqian Ruan, Chuanchao Sheng, Wenqi Yan, Fuxiang Ma, Chunyang Li, Kai Zhang, Weibin Zhou, and Wenzhuo Wu is the prerequisite. The strong recommendation of Prof. Liquan Chen, Academician of China Academy of Engineering, and Prof. Zifeng Ma, Shanghai Jiaotong University are also greatly indebted.
With the rapid development of the research and development of China in the field of new energies such as solar cells, wind energy, lithium batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, more and more foreigners come to China for study and collaboration. And more students want to communicate timely with the foreigners. Here for the first time we take an initial step to compile a series of books for the majority, New Energy Materials and Devices, in English. This is the second book in English. The first one entitled “Lithium-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications” was published in 2015 by CRC Press, and this is the second one. The finishing of this book got the financial support of China Science and Technology Academic Works Publishing Fund and laborious work from our lab members including Zaichun Liu, Weigang Wang, Deqing Cao, Daqian Ruan, Chuanchao Sheng, Wenqi Yan, Fuxiang Ma, Chunyang Li, Kai Zhang, Weibin Zhou, and Wenzhuo Wu is the prerequisite. The strong recommendation of Prof. Liquan Chen, Academician of China Academy of Engineering, and Prof. Zifeng Ma, Shanghai Jiaotong University are also greatly indebted.
Further appreciation should be delivered to Prof. Shibi Fang. In 1994, one of the main editors of this textbook, Prof. Yuping Wu, came into the field of new energy. Since then, 25 years passed. At that time, one of his supervisors, Prof. Shibi Fang, provided him valuable guidance and assistance so that he can achieve some success in his care. The finishing of this textbook at this special occasion is a salute to Prof. Shibi Fang to acknowledge his valuable cultivation and contribution.
Of course, some indispensable and ever-lasting financial supporters are greatly appreciated including MOST (2018YFB0104301, 2017YFF0210703, 2016YFB0700604, 2010DFA61770 and 2007CB209702), NSFC (U1601214, 51425301, 51873086, 51673096, 21374021, 21073046, 50573012 and 0474010), STCSM (14520721800, 12JC1401200, 09QH140040, 04QMX1406, 0552nm025, 0452nm064, and 0352nm079), Education Department of Jiangsu Province, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Research Foundation of State Key Lab (ZK201805), and Sanyo Chem. Ind. Co. Ltd. Of course, start-up funding from Nanjing Tech University and Fudan University are also greatly acknowledged.
This textbook is not only targeted for sophomores, juniors and seniors but also valid for graduates and policy-makers. It can also be textbook of Specialty English for the majority of New Energy Materials and Devices.
Of course, it is exclusively the authors’ responsibility if there are some slips or mistakes. Kind and helpful hints or suggestions will be much thanked.
Yuping Wu
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