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開本：16開 紙張：膠版紙 包裝：精裝 是否套裝：否 國際標準書號ISBN：9787122383013 作者：王夢蛟，邁克爾·莫裡斯 出版社：化學工業出版社 出版時間：2021年04月
" 編輯推薦 本書是橡膠補強相關的理論和應用研究的綜述。
詳細地說明了填料的微觀結構、基本性質及它們表征的原理和方法；
理論上闡述了填料在橡膠中的各種效應及這些效應是如何影響填充橡膠的加工性能和硫化膠的物理機械性能，諸如靜態及動態應力-應變特性及破壞特性；
機理上論述了硫化膠性能與橡膠制品，尤其是與輪胎的使用性能之間的關繫。
內容簡介 本書是主要闡述粒狀填料對橡膠補強的學術專著。填料對橡膠補強是橡膠工業中應用*為廣泛的技術之一，99%以上的橡膠制品均含填料，而炭黑和二氧化硅（白炭黑）是常用的填料。目前填料的研究和開發已成為橡膠科技研究中*活躍的領域。
本書除簡單介紹填料的制作過程外，著重詳細說明填料的微觀結構、基本性質及它們表征的原理和方法。在此基礎上，本書從理論上闡述了填料在橡膠中的各種效應及這些效應是如何影響填充橡膠的加工性能、硫化膠在溶劑中的溶脹行為和物理機械性能，諸如靜態及動態應力-應變特性及破壞特性，並從機理上論述了上述硫化膠性能與橡膠制品，尤其是輪胎的*終使用性能之間的關繫。
本書對於橡膠行業的工程師和產品開發人員，以及從事橡膠研究的技術人員、教師和學生是很好的參考資料。
作者簡介 王夢蛟，國家橡膠與輪胎工程技術研究中心任首席科學家，怡維怡橡膠研究院院長。美國卡博特公司前首席科學家。1984年，於法國國家科學研究中心（CNRS）獲得博士學位。曽任職於原化工部北京橡膠工業研究設計院、美國阿克隆大學、德國橡膠工業研究院（DIK）、德國Degussa公司。
王夢蛟在橡膠行業耕耘至今已達56年。發表科學論文共140餘篇，獲得55個美國和中國的授權專利及其相應的24個PCT專利。曾參與了《Carbon Black：Science and Technology》等10本專業書的章節編寫，主譯了5本橡膠專業書籍。曾擔任美國Rubber Chemistry and Technology雜志編委。
王夢蛟，國家橡膠與輪胎工程技術研究中心任首席科學家，怡維怡橡膠研究院院長。美國卡博特公司前首席科學家。1984年，於法國國家科學研究中心（CNRS）獲得博士學位。曽任職於原化工部北京橡膠工業研究設計院、美國阿克隆大學、德國橡膠工業研究院（DIK）、德國Degussa公司。
王夢蛟在橡膠行業耕耘至今已達56年。發表科學論文共140餘篇，獲得55個美國和中國的授權專利及其相應的24個PCT專利。曾參與了《Carbon Black：Science and Technology》等10本專業書的章節編寫，主譯了5本橡膠專業書籍。曾擔任美國Rubber Chemistry and Technology雜志編委。
Michael Morris現任美國卡博特公司高級科學家。1985年於南安普頓大學獲博士學位。先後任職於英國馬來西亞橡膠生產者研究協會（MRPRA）、馬來西亞橡膠研究院。1996年加入卡博特公司後，主要從事氣相法白炭黑、炭黑在橡膠中的補強研究。
Morris博士已發表18篇論文，參與兩本書的編寫，獲得12個美國授權專利和很多對應的PCT專利。
目錄 Preface Ⅰ
About the Authors Ⅲ
1. Manufacture of Fillers 1
1.1 Manufacture of Carbon Black 3
1.1.1 Mechanisms of Carbon Black Formation 3
Preface Ⅰ
About the Authors Ⅲ
1. Manufacture of Fillers 1
1.1 Manufacture of Carbon Black 3
1.1.1 Mechanisms of Carbon Black Formation 3
1.1.2 Manufacturing Process of Carbon Black 6
1.1.2.1 Oil-Furnace Process 6
1.1.2.2 The Thermal Black Process 10
1.1.2.3 Acetylene Black Process 11
1.1.2.4 Lampblack Process 11
1.1.2.5 Impingement (Channel, Roller) Black Process 12
1.1.2.6 Recycle Blacks 12
1.1.2.7 Surface Modification of Carbon Blacks 13
1.1.2.7.1 Attachments of the Aromatic Ring Nucleus to Carbon Black 13
1.1.2.7.2 Attachments to the Aromatic Ring Structure through Oxidized Groups 13
1.1.2.7.3 Metal Oxide Treatment 14
1.2 Manufacture of Silica 14
1.2.1 Mechanisms of Precipitated Silica Formation 15
1.2.2 Manufacturing Process of Precipitated Silica 16
1.2.3 Mechanisms of Fumed Silica Formation 18
1.2.4 Manufacture Process of Fumed Silica 18
References 19
2. Characterization of Fillers 22
2.1 Chemical Composition 23
2.1.1 Carbon Black 23
2.1.2 Silica 25
2.2 Micro-Structure of Fillers 27
2.2.1 Carbon Black 27
2.2.2 Silica 29
2.3 Filler Morphologies 29
2.3.1 Primary Particles-Surface Area 29
2.3.1.1 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 30
2.3.1.2 Gas Phase Adsorptions 34
2.3.1.2.1 Total Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption-BET/NSA 35
2.3.1.2.2 External Surface Area Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption-STSA 41
2.3.1.2.3 Micro-Pore Size Distribution Measured by Nitrogen Adsorption 46
2.3.1.3 Liquid Phase Adsorptions 51
2.3.1.3.1 Iodine Adsorptions 52
2.3.1.3.2 Adsorption of Large Molecules 56
2.3.2 Structure-Aggregate Size and Shape 61
2.3.2.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy 62
2.3.2.2 Disc Centrifuge Photosedimentometer 66
2.3.2.3 Void Volume Measurement 68
2.3.2.3.1 Oil Absorption 69
2.3.2.3.2 Compressed Volume 75
2.3.2.3.3 Mercury Porosimetry 80
2.3.3 Tinting Strength 83
2.4 Filler Surface Characteristics 92
2.4.1 Characterization of Surface Chemistry of Filler-Surface Groups 92
2.4.2 Characterization of Physical Chemistry of Filler Surface-Surface Energy 93
2.4.2.1 Contact Angle 98
2.4.2.1.1 Single Liquid Phase 98
2.4.2.1.2 Dual Liquid Phases 102
2.4.2.2 Heat of Immersion 106
2.4.2.3 Inverse Gas Chromatograph 111
2.4.2.3.1 Principle of Measuring Filler Surface Energy with IGC 111
2.4.2.3.2 Adsorption at Infinite Dilution 112
2.4.2.3.3 Adsorption at Finite Concentration 118
2.4.2.3.4 Surface Energy of the Fillers 123
2.4.2.3.5 Estimation of Rubber-Filler Interaction from Adsorption Energy of Elastomer Analogs 139
2.4.2.4 Bound Rubber Measurement 142
References 143
3. Effect of Fillers in Rubber 153
3.1 Hydrodynamic Effect ? Strain Amplification 153
3.2 Interfacial Interaction between Filler and Polymer 155
3.2.1 Bound Rubber 155
3.2.2 Rubber Shell 159
3.3 Occlusion of Rubber 161
3.4 Filler Agglomeration 163
3.4.1 Observations of Filler Agglomeration 163
3.4.2 Modes of Filler Agglomeration 164
3.4.3 Thermodynamics of Filler Agglomeration 167
3.4.4 Kinetics of Filler Agglomeration 170
References 173
4. Filler Dispersion 177
4.1 Basic Concept of Filler Dispersion 177
4.2 Parameters Influencing Filler Dispersion 179
4.3 Liquid Phase Mixing 187
References 191
5. Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Uncured Compounds 193
5.1 Bound Rubber 193
5.1.1 Significance of Bound Rubber 194
5.1.2 Measurement of Bound Rubber 195
5.1.3 Nature of Bound Rubber Attachment 197
5.1.4 Polymer Mobility in Bound Rubber 202
5.1.5 Polymer Effects on Bound Rubber 203
5.1.5.1 Molecular Weight Effects 203
5.1.5.2 Polymer Chemistry Effects 203
5.1.6 Effect of Filler on Bound Rubber 204
5.1.6.1 Surface Area and Structure 204
5.1.6.2 Specific Surface Activity of Carbon Blacks 206
5.1.6.3 Effect of Surface Characteristics on Bound Rubber 210
5.1.6.4 Carbon Black Surface Modification 211
5.1.6.5 Silica Surface Modification 215
5.1.7 Effect of Mixing Conditions on Bound Rubber 215
5.1.7.1 Temperature and Time of Mixing 216
5.1.7.2 Mixing Sequence Effect of Rubber Ingredients 218
5.1.7.2.1 Mixing Sequence of Oil and Other Additives 219
5.1.7.2.2 Mixing Sequence of Sulfur, Sulfur Donor, and Other Crosslinkers 221
5.1.7.2.3 Bound Rubber of Silica Compounds 222
5.1.7.3 Bound Rubber in Wet Masterbatches 223
5.1.7.4 Bound Rubber of Fumed Silica-Filled Silicone Rubber 225
5.2 Viscosity of Filled Compounds 227
5.2.1 Factors Influencing Viscosity of the Carbon Black-Filled Compounds 227
5.2.2 Master Curve of Viscosity vs. Effective Volume of Carbon Blacks 230
5.2.3 Viscosity of Silica Compounds 233
5.2.4 Viscosity Growth ? Storage Hardening 238
5.3 Die Swell and Surface Appearance of the Extrudate 241
5.3.1 Die Swell of Carbon Black Compounds 241
5.3.2 Die Swell of Silica Compounds 246
5.3.3 Extrudate Appearance 247
5.4 Green Strength 249
5.4.1 Effect of Polymers 249
5.4.2 Effect of Filler Properties 252
References 255
6. Effect of Fillers on the Properties of Vulcanizates 263
6.1 Swelling 263
6.2 Stress-Strain Behavior 271
6.2.1 Low Strain 271
6.2.2 Hardness 274
6.2.3 Medium and High Strains-The Strain Dependence of Modulus 275
6.3 Strain-Energy Loss-Stress-Softening Effect 279
6.3.1 Mechanisms of Stress-Softening Effect 282
6.3.1.1 Gum 282
6.3.1.2 Filled Vulcanizates 283
6.3.1.3 Recovery of Stress Softening 287
6.3.2 Effect of Fillers on Stress Softening 288
6.3.2.1 Carbon Blacks 288
6.3.2.1.1 Effect of Loading 288
6.3.2.1.2 Effect of Surface Area 289
6.3.2.1.3 Effect of Structure 290
6.3.2.2 Precipitated Silica 290
6.4 Fracture Properties 295
6.4.1 Crack Initiation 295
6.4.2 Tearing 296
6.4.2.1 State of Tearing 296
6.4.2.1.1 Effect of Filler 301
6.4.2.1.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure 302
6.4.2.2 Tearing Energy 306
6.4.2.2.1 Effect of Filler 306
6.4.2.2.2 Effect of Polymer Crystallizability and Network Structure 307
6.4.3 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break 315
6.4.4 Fatigue 318
References 321
7. Effect of Fillers on the Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates 329
7.1 Dynamic Properties of Vulcanizates 329
7.2 Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates 332
7.2.1 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Elastic Modulus of Filled Rubber 332
7.2.2 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Viscous Modulus of Filled Rubber 340
7.2.3 Strain Amplitude Dependence of Loss Tangent of Filled Rubber 343
7.2.4 Hysteresis Mechanisms of Filled Rubber Concerning Different Modes of Filler Agglomeration 348
7.2.5 Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates 350
7.3 Dynamic Stress Softening Effect 354
7.3.1 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 2 355
7.3.2 Effect of Temperature on Dynamic Stress-Softening 359
7.3.3 Effect of Frequency on Dynamic Stress-Softening 360
7.3.4 Stress-Softening Effect of Filled Rubbers Measured with Mode 3 362
7.3.5 Effect of Filler Characteristics on Dynamic Stress-Softening and Hysteresis 369
7.3.6 Dynamic Stress-Softening of Silica Compounds Produced by Liquid Phase Mixing 371
7.4 Time-Temperature Superposition of Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates 376
7.5 Heat Build-up 385
7.6 Resilience 387
References 389
8. Rubber Reinforcement Related to Tire Performance 394
8.1 Rolling Resistance 394
8.1.1 Mechanisms of Rolling Resistance-Relationship between Rolling Resistance and Hysteresis 394
8.1.2 Effect of Filler on Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Properties 396
8.1.2.1 Effect of Filler Loading 396
8.1.2.2 Effect of Filler Morphology 397
因字數限制，僅展示部分目錄 前言 Soon after rubber’s discovery as a remarkable material in the 18th century, the application of particulate fillers ? alongside vulcanization ? became the most important factor in the manufacture of rubber products, with the consumption of these particulate fillers second only to rubber itself. Fillers have held this important position not only as a cost savings measure by increasing volume, but more importantly, due to their unique ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber, a well-documented phenomenon termed “reinforcement.” In fact, the term filler is misleading because for a large portion of rubber products, tires in particular, the cost of filler per unit volume is even higher than that of the polymer. This is especially true for the reinforcement of elastomers by extremely fine fillers such as carbon black and silica. This subject has been comprehensively reviewed in the monographs “Reinforcement of Elastomers,” edited by G. Kraus (1964), “Carbon Black: Physics, Chemistry, and Elastomer Reinforcement,” written by J.-B. Donnet and A. Voet (1975), and “Carbon Black: Science and Technology,” edited by J.-B. Donnet, R. C. Bansal, and M.-J. Wang (1993). There has since been much progress in the fundamental understanding of rubber reinforcement, the application of conventional fillers, and the development of new products to improve the performance of rubber products.Soon after rubber’s discovery as a remarkable material in the 18th century, the application of particulate fillers ? alongside vulcanization ? became the most important factor in the manufacture of rubber products, with the consumption of these particulate fillers second only to rubber itself. Fillers have held this important position not only as a cost savings measure by increasing volume, but more importantly, due to their unique ability to enhance the physical properties of rubber, a well-documented phenomenon termed “reinforcement.” In fact, the term filler is misleading because for a large portion of rubber products, tires in particular, the cost of filler per unit volume is even higher than that of the polymer. This is especially true for the reinforcement of elastomers by extremely fine fillers such as carbon black and silica. This subject has been comprehensively reviewed in the monographs “Reinforcement of Elastomers,” edited by G. Kraus (1964), “Carbon Black: Physics, Chemistry, and Elastomer Reinforcement,” written by J.-B. Donnet and A. Voet (1975), and “Carbon Black: Science and Technology,” edited by J.-B. Donnet, R. C. Bansal, and M.-J. Wang (1993). There has since been much progress in the fundamental understanding of rubber reinforcement, the application of conventional fillers, and the development of new products to improve the performance of rubber products.
While all agree that fillers as one of the main components of a filled-rubber composite have the most important bearing on improving the performance of rubber products, many new ideas, theories, practices, phenomena, and observations have been presented about how and especially why they alter the processability of filled compounds and the mechanical properties of filled vulcanizates.
This suggests that the real world of filled rubber is so complex and sophisticated that multiple mechanisms must be involved. It is possible to explain the effect of all fillers on rubber properties ultimately in similar and relatively nonspecific terms, i.e., the phenomena related to all filler parameters should follow general rules or principles. It is the authors’ belief that, regarding the impact of filler on all aspects of rubber reinforcement, filler properties, such as microstructure, morphology, and surface characteristics, play a dominant role in determining the properties of filled rubbers, hence the performance of rubber products, via their effects in rubber. These effects, which include hydrodynamic, interfacial, occlusion, and agglomeration of fillers, determine the structure of this book.
The first part of the book is dedicated to the basic properties of fillers and their characterization, followed by a chapter dealing with the effect of fillers in rubber. Based on these two parts, the processing of the filled compounds and the properties of the filled vulcanizates are discussed in detail. The last few chapters cover some special applications of fillers in tires, the new development of fillerrelated materials for tire applications, and application of fumed silica in silicone rubber. All chapters emphasize an internal logic and consistency, giving a full picture about rubber reinforcement by particulate fillers. As such, this work is intended for those working academically and industrially in the areas of rubber and filler.
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to Wang’s colleagues at the EVE Rubber Institute Mr. Weijie Jia, Mr. Fujin He, Dr. Bin Wang, Dr. Wenrong Zhao, Dr. Hao Zhang, Dr. Mingxiu Xie, Dr. Yudian Song, Dr. Feng Liu, Dr. Liang Zhong, Dr. Bing Yao, Dr. Dan Zhang, Dr. Kai Fu, and Mr. Shuai Lu for their assistance in preparing this book. Special thanks are due to the EVE Rubber Institute, Qingdao, China and Cabot Corporation, USA. Without their firm backing and continuous understanding, this effort could not have been accomplished.
Meng-Jiao Wang, Sc. D., Professor
EVE Rubber Institute, Qingdao, China
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