了得網醫學_生理學精要與習題(第6版)(W)

內容簡介

本書是美國醫師*考試（USMLE）的品牌叢書，本書融生理學知識精要、臨床關聯和USMLE題目為一體，既有利於知識學習，又有助於通過USMLE及醫學相關的考試，被眾多通過USMLE的考生推薦為參考書，並被世界多所著名醫學院校選定為教學用書。該繫列書具有以下特點：（1）提供每門學科核心的知識，幫助你掌握學科知識的精華；（2）大量的圖表，使知識可視化呈現，易於理解和記憶；（3）“臨床關聯”，幫助你把基礎和臨床知識融會貫通；（4）每章後附有USMLE題目，並有詳細解析，幫助你通過USMLE等各種考試。

Preface
Acknowledgments
1. CELL PHYSIOLOGY
I. Cell Membranes
II. Transport Across Cell Membranes
III. Osmosis
IV. Diffusion Potential, Resting Membrane Potential, and Action Potential
V. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission
VI. Skeletal Muscle
VII. Smooth Muscle
VIII. Comparison of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Cardiac Muscle
Review Test
2. NEUROPHYSiOLOGY
I. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)Preface

Acknowledgments

1. CELL PHYSIOLOGY

I. Cell Membranes

II. Transport Across Cell Membranes

III. Osmosis

IV. Diffusion Potential, Resting Membrane Potential, and Action Potential

V. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission

VI. Skeletal Muscle

VII. Smooth Muscle

VIII. Comparison of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Cardiac Muscle

Review Test

2. NEUROPHYSiOLOGY

I. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

II. Sensory Systems

III. Motor Systems

IV. Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

V. Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

VI. Temperature Regulation

Review Test

3. CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

I. Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System

II. Hemodynamics

III. Cardiac Electrophysiology

IV. Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output

V. Cardiac Cycle

VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure

VII. Microcirculation and Lymph

VIII. Special Circulations

IX. Integrative Functions of the Cardiovascular System: Gravity, Exercise, and Hemorrhage

Review Test

4. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

I. LungVolumes and Capacities

II. Mechanics of Breathing

III. Gas Exchange

IV. Oxygen Transport

V. CO2Transport

VI. Pulmonary Circulation

VII. V/QDefects

VIII. Control of Breathing

IX. Integrated Responses of the Respiratory System

Review Test

5. RENAL AND ACID-BASE PHYSIOLOGY

I. Body Fluids

II. Renal Clearance, Renal Blood Flow (RBF), and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

III. Reabsorption and Secretion

IV. NaCl Regulation

V. K+ Regulation

VI. Renal Regulation of Urea, Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium

VII. Concentration and Dilution of Urine

VIII. Renal Hormones

IX. Acid-Base Balance

X. Diuretics

XI. Integrative Examples

Review Test

6. GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY

I. Structure and Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract

II. Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal Tract

III. Gastrointestinal Motility

IV. Gastrointestinal Secretion

V. Digestion and Absorption

VI. Liver Physiology

Review Test

7. ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY

I. Overview of Hormones

II. Cell Mechanisms and Second Messengers

III. Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

IV. Thyroid Gland

V. Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla

VI. Endocrine Pancreas-Glucagon and Insulin

VII. Calcium Metabolism (Parathyroid Hormone, Vitamin D, Calcitonin)

VIII. Sexual Differentiation

IX. Male Reproduction

X. Female Reproduction

Review Test

Comprehensive Examination

Index

在線試讀

1.TheanswerisA(ⅡA1,C).Bothtypesoftransportoccurdownanelectrochemicalgradient("downhill")anddonotrequiremetabolicenergy.Saturabilityandinhibitionbyothersugarsarecharacteristiconlyofcarrier-mediatedglucosetransport；thus,facilitateddiffusionissaturableandinhibitedbygalactose,whereassimplediffusionisnot.

2.TheanswerisD(ⅣE1a,b,2b).Duringtheupstrokeoftheactionpotential,thecelldepolarizesorbecomeslessnegative.Thedepolarizationiscausedbyinwardcurrent,whichis,bydefinition,themovementofpositivechargeintothecell.Innerveandinmosttypesofmuscle,thisinwardcurrentiscarriedbyNa+.

3.TheanswerisD(ⅣB).BecausethemembraneispermeableonlytoK+ions,K+willdiffusedownitsconcentrationgradientfromsolutionAtosolutionB,leavingsomeCl-ionsbehindinsolutionA.Adiffusionpotentialwillbecreated,withsolutionAnegativewithrespecttosolutionB.Generationofadiffusionpotentialinvolvesmovementofonlyafewionsand,therefore,doesnotcauseachangeintheconcentrationofthebulksolutions.

4.TheanswerisB(ⅤB1-6).Acetylcholine(ACh)isstoredinvesiclesandisreleasedwhenanactionpotentialinthemotornerveopensCa2+channelsinthepresynapticterminal.AChdiffusesacrossthesynapticcleftandopensNa+andK+channelsinthemuscleendDlate,depolarizingit(butnotproducinganactionpotential).Depolarizationofthemuscleendplatecauseslocalcurrentsinadjacentmusclemembrane,depolarizingthemembranetothresholdandproducingactionpotentials.

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