了得網醫學_牙髄病學與牙周病學進展（英文版）

編輯推薦

牙體牙髓病專業和牙周病學專業研究生（碩士、博士），也可供口腔醫學及相關專業科研人員參考。

內容簡介

《牙髄病學與牙周病學進展（英文版）》選取牙體牙髓病學和牙周病學11個前沿問題，從根管治療成功的基礎，根管工作長度的測定，根管預備，根管充填，根尖周外科，牙周微生物學，牙周危險因素評估，牙周基礎治療，以及牙周組織再生等方面進行繫統論述和解析。《牙髄病學與牙周病學進展（英文版）》內容著重突出學科近年來從基礎到臨床研究進展，旨在引導學生了解學科的發展趨勢並樹立探究未知問題的科學態度。

CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER Ⅰ DETERMINATION OF ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH 001
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTION 001
1.1 Signi.cance of Working Length in Root Canal Treatment 001
1.2 Theoretical Basis of Precise Determination 002
PART Ⅱ COMMON METHODS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION 002
2.1 History of Working Length Determination 002
2.2 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Tactile Method 003
2.2 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Radiographic Method 004
2.3 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Electronic Method 004
PART Ⅲ DETERMINATION OF THE ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH 006
3.1 Anatomic Foundation of the Apical Area 006
3.2 Clinical Methods in Precise Determination of Working Length 007CONTENTS
PREFACE
CHAPTER Ⅰ DETERMINATION OF ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH 001
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTION 001
1.1 Signi.cance of Working Length in Root Canal Treatment 001
1.2 Theoretical Basis of Precise Determination 002
PART Ⅱ COMMON METHODS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION 002
2.1 History of Working Length Determination 002
2.2 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Tactile Method 003
2.2 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Radiographic Method 004
2.3 Concept, Operation And Signi.cance of Electronic Method 004
PART Ⅲ DETERMINATION OF THE ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH 006
3.1 Anatomic Foundation of the Apical Area 006
3.2 Clinical Methods in Precise Determination of Working Length 007
3.3 Clinical Technique with Electronic Apex Locators 008
3.4 Clinical Consideration on Working Length Determination 008
3.4 Operation Announcements 011
REFERENCES 011
CHAPTER Ⅱ DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION ON MICRO ROOT CANAL TREAT-MENT 012
PART Ⅰ DEVELOPMENT OF SURGICAL MICROSCOPE 012
PART Ⅱ CHARACTERISTIC OF SURGICAL MICROSCOPE 013
2.1 Magni.cation 013
2.2 Illumination 013
PART Ⅲ.ADVANTAGE COMBINED WITH RCT AND SURGICAL MICROSCOPE 013
Search Root Canal Ori.ce 013
PART Ⅳ.MANAGING CANAL CALCIFICATION AND BLOCKAGE 014
PART Ⅴ MANAGING INSTRUMENTS SEPARATION 015
PART Ⅵ MICRO-ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY 015
PART Ⅶ MICRO-TUBE TECHNIQUE 015
PART Ⅷ PERFORATION REPAIR 017
PART Ⅸ CRACK DETECTION 018
PART Ⅹ PERIAPICAL SURGERY 018
Instruments Comparison 018
PART Ⅺ COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MICROSURGERY 018
CHAPTER Ⅲ ROOT CANAL RETREATMENT 022
PART Ⅰ CAUSES FOR FAILURE OF ENDODONTIC TREATMENT 022
PART Ⅱ INDICATION OF RETREATMENT 023
2.1 Indication of Retreatment 023
2.2 Contraindication of Retreatment 023
2.3 The Risk And Advantage of Retreatment 024
PART Ⅲ PROCEDURES FOR RETREATMENT 024
3.1 Removal of Crown 024
3.2 Management of Root Canal Omittance 024
3.3 Removal of Gutta-percha 025
3.4 Management of Calci.cation 025
3.5 Management of Ledge 026
3.6 Management of Root Perforation 027
PART Ⅳ POST-TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS 028
4.1 Flare-up 028
4.2 Final Coronal Restoration 028
4.3 Follow-up Visits 028
4.4 Prognosis for Healing 028
REFERENCES 028
CHAPTER Ⅳ STRATEGIES TO THE PROBLEMS IN THE PROCESS OF ROOT CANAL TREATMENT 030
PART Ⅰ LOSS OF WORKING LENGTH 030
PART Ⅱ ROOT CANAL BLOCKAGE 030
PART Ⅲ LEDGE FORMATION 031
PART Ⅳ TRANSPORTATION 033
4.1 Canal Transportation 033
4.2 Zip Formation 033
4.3 Elbow Formation 033
PART Ⅴ PERFORATIONS 034
5.1 Four Dimeusious of A Perforation 034
5.2 Cervical Canal Perforations 035
5.3 Midroot Perforations 035
5.4 Apical Perforations 035
PART Ⅵ INADEQUATE OR INAPPROPRIATE ENLARGING AND SHAPING THAT HIN-DER THE PROVISION OF QUALITY TREATMENT 035
6.1 Enlarging And Shaping Beyond the Canal Terminus 035
6.2 Excessive Removal of Root Dentin 036
6.3 Failure to Properly Enlarge And Shape the Canal 036
CHAPTER Ⅴ THE EFFECT OF OVAL CANAL ON ROOT CANAL TREATMENT 037
PART Ⅰ THE DEFINITION AND PREVALENCE OF OVAL CANAL 037
1.1 The De.niton of Oval Canal 037
1.2 Occurrence of Oval Canal 037
PART Ⅱ PREPARATION OF OVAL CANAL 039
2.1 Mechanical Preparation 039
2.2 Machine Preparation Methods 039
2.3 Chemical Prepare 040
PART Ⅲ OBTURATION OF OVAL ROOT CANALS 040
3.1 Cold Lateral Condensation of Gutta-percha 041
3.2 Warm Gutta-percha Fillings 041
3.3 Conclusion 042
REFERENCES 042
CHAPTER Ⅵ RADIOGRAPHIC AIDS IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT 044
PART Ⅰ INTRAORAL PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHY 044
1.1 Principles of Periapical Radiography 044
1.2 Limitations of the Periapical Radiography 044
1.3 Interpretation of Radiograph 045
PART Ⅱ COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) 045
2.1 The Traditional CT 045
2.2 Cone-beam CT 045
2.3 Application of Cone Beam CT in Endodentics 046
REFERENCES 047
CHAPTER Ⅶ FRONTIERS IN PERIODONTAL MICROBIOLOGY 050
PART Ⅰ CURRENT CONCEPT AND PROGRESS FOR SUBGINGIVAL BIOFILM RE-SEARCH 050
1.1 Formation And Construction of Subgingival Bio.lm 050
1.2 Bacterial Community of Subgingival Bio.lm 052
1.3 Multiple Interspecies Interactions And Special Bacterial Behavior in Subgingival Bio.lm 054
PART Ⅱ CURRENT CONCEPT IN PATHOGENICITY OF PERIODONTAL PATHO-GENS 058
2.1 Current Concept of Periodontal Pathogens 058
2.2 Progress of Periodontal Primary Pathogenic Bacteria Research 058
2.3 Progress of Periodontal Virus Research 062
PART Ⅲ OVERVIEW OF MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE 064
REFERENCES 065
CHAPTER Ⅷ RESEARCH PROGRESS OF AETIOLOGY FROM SYSTEMIC DISOR-DERS 066
PART Ⅰ STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS 066
1.1 What Is Stress? 066
1.2 Stress In.uence Life-style 067
1.3 Interaction Between Stress And Periodontal Disease 068
PART Ⅱ RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE 068
2.1 RA May Be A Causal Factor for Periodontitis 069
2.2 Periodontitis May Be A Causal Factor for RA 070
2.3 Genetic Factors in RA And Periodon

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CHAPTER Ⅰ
DETERMINATION OF ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH
Wenwei Xia, Jingping Liang
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 Signi.cance of Working Length in Root Canal Treatment
1.2 Theoretical Basis of Precise Determina-tion
PART Ⅱ COMMON METHODS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION
2.1 History of Working Length Determina-tion
2.2 Concept, Operation And Significance of Tactile Method
2.2 Concept, Operation And Significance of Radiographic Method
2.3 Concept, Operation And Significance of Electronic Method
PART Ⅲ DETERMINATION OF THE ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH
3.1 Anatomic Foundation of the Apical Area
3.2 Clinical Methods in Precise Determina-tion of Working Length
3.3 Clinical Technique with Electronic Apex Locators
3.4 Clinical Consideration on Working Length Determination
3.4 Operation Announcements
REFERENCES
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTIONCHAPTER Ⅰ
DETERMINATION OF ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH
Wenwei Xia, Jingping Liang
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTION
1.1 Signi.cance of Working Length in Root Canal Treatment
1.2 Theoretical Basis of Precise Determina-tion
PART Ⅱ COMMON METHODS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION
2.1 History of Working Length Determina-tion
2.2 Concept, Operation And Significance of Tactile Method
2.2 Concept, Operation And Significance of Radiographic Method
2.3 Concept, Operation And Significance of Electronic Method
PART Ⅲ DETERMINATION OF THE ROOT CANAL WORKING LENGTH
3.1 Anatomic Foundation of the Apical Area
3.2 Clinical Methods in Precise Determina-tion of Working Length
3.3 Clinical Technique with Electronic Apex Locators
3.4 Clinical Consideration on Working Length Determination
3.4 Operation Announcements
REFERENCES
PART Ⅰ GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Root canal treatment (RCT) is the process of in-fected root canal being shaped, cleaned and obtu-rated. The objectives of shaping and cleaning are to remove pulp tissue, debris, and bacteria, as well as to prepare the canal for obturation. This step plays a key role in successful root canal treatment.
Determination of working length is the first step of preparation. Working length is designated for the distance preparation instruments inserted into the canal attain. Meanwhile, the width and ta-per of prepared canal are also important factors for successful RCT.
1.1 Signi.cance of Working Length in Root Canal Treatment
Correct working length determination comprises one of the most critical steps in endodontic treat-ment. Determination of working length is the first step of root canal preparation. When working length is determined longer than it should be, the exces-sive movement of instruments beyond the apical constriction (AC) will push the bacteria in the root canal into the periapical area, or directly violate the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. On the other hand, loss of the apical constriction leads to/cause an open apex with an increased likelihood of over.lling, lack of an adequate apical seal, and pain and discomfort for the patient. When working length is determined too short, the root canal will not be prepared deep enough, so that bacteria in the apical portion may survive and multiply. Besides, when working length is not correctly determined, the taper and width of instruments will not fit for the root canal. As a result, somewhere of the canal wall is not prepared enough while somewhere of the canal wall may be overprepared. In consequence, the success rate of RCT drops. The apical 3 mm of the root canal system has been considered to be a critical zone in the treatment of infected canal.
In conclusion, determination of the working length is the main factor leading to success in RCT. Correct working length determination is essential for perfect root canal preparation, and then makes it cleaning and .lling easier.
1.2 Theoretical Basis of Precise Determina-tion
In the process of tooth development, dentin is formed by odontoblast in pulp tissue, and then cementogenesis is initiated by cementoblast after root dentin formation. There is a distinct borderline between the two hard tissues, namely Cementum-dentin junction (CDJ). It is the point where pulp tissue ends and periodontal tissues begin. Therefore, preparation in RCT should stop at CDJ.
Theoretically, CDJ is considered as an ideal termination for RCT. CDJ is a junction of dentin, cementum and periodontium. Periadical blood cir-culation can reach this point. One third of the apical surface cementum is regenerative, and induced od-ontoblast from periodontium or residual vital pulp can regenerate dentin tissue. Therefore, a successful RCT is expected to create an environment condu-cive to the regeneration of cementum even dentin, which will seal the AF so that the root canal can be free from infection. However, CDJ is a histological mark and it is not a .xed point. Its location in the root canal is highly variable. So it is impossible to determine CDJ in clinic.
Clinically, the final working length would be reached by considering both radiographic measure-ments and the accuracy of electronic apex locators, together with the knowledge of the anatomy of the root apex. It is impossible to get the exact position of CDJ with the three methods alone or together. This is only an estimate.
Therefore, how to decrease the error to the greatest extent with these methods makes sense in working length determination.
PART Ⅱ COMMON METHODS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION
2.1 History of Working Length Determination
Methods for working length determination were de-veloped along with the improvement in knowledge of teeth anatomy, root canal treatment approaches as well as science techniques. Initially, working length was determined by tactile method and paper point method. Then radiography is being used in working length determination. The exact measure-ment was achieved by using hand instruments and the subsequent translation with

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