第1章 視頻監控技術概述················· 1
1.1 引子·························································· 2
1.1.1 安全防範的雛形······························· 2
1.1.2 網絡視頻監控··································· 2
1.1.3 智能視頻識別··································· 2
1.1.4 智能網絡視頻監控··························· 3
1.1.5 高清視頻監控··································· 3
1.1.6 雲視頻監控······································· 4
1.2 視頻監控技術發展過程·························· 4
1.2.1 模擬視頻監控時代··························· 5
1.2.2 數字視頻監控時代··························· 7
1.2.3 智能網絡視頻監控時代··················· 8
1.2.4 高清視頻監控時代··························· 9
1.3 視頻監控的核心技術······························ 9
1.3.1 光學成像器件··································· 9
1.3.2 視頻編碼壓縮算法··························· 10
1.3.3 視頻編碼壓縮芯片··························· 10
1.3.4 視頻管理平臺··································· 11
1.4 視頻監控的發展方向······························ 11
1.5 智能網絡視頻監控概念·························· 13
1.5.1 本書內容、範圍說明······················· 13
1.5.2 本書術語、縮寫說明······················· 13
1.5.3 本書內容拓撲結構圖······················· 15
第2章 模擬視頻監控繫統················· 17
2.1 模擬監控繫統的構成······························ 18
2.2 視頻采集設備·········································· 19
2.2.1 攝像機相關技術······························· 19
2.2.2 鏡頭相關介紹··································· 24
2.2.3 防護罩··············································· 28
2.2.4 雲臺及解碼器··································· 29
2.2.5 一體球型攝像機······························· 30
2.3 信號傳輸設備·········································· 33
2.3.1 視頻信號的傳輸······························· 33
2.3.2 視頻分配器······································· 35
2.3.3 控制信號的傳輸······························· 35
2.3.4 繫統供電··········································· 35
2.4 矩陣控制設備·········································· 36
2.4.1 矩陣工作原理··································· 36
2.4.2 矩陣的主要功能······························· 37
2.4.3
PTZ控制原理··································· 38
2.4.4 控制鍵盤介紹··································· 38
2.5 顯示與錄像設備······································ 39
2.5.1 多畫面處理器··································· 39
2.5.2 圖像顯示設備··································· 41
2.5.3 長延時錄像機··································· 42
2.6 夜視技術及應用······································ 42
2.6.1 主動紅外攝像機······························· 42
2.6.2 激光夜視技術··································· 44
2.6.3 被動紅外夜視··································· 45
2.6.4 透霧攝像機······································· 46
2.7 閉路電視監控繫統設計·························· 47
2.7.1 繫統需求分析··································· 47
2.7.2 攝像機的選型··································· 49
2.7.3 鏡頭的選型······································· 51
2.7.4 矩陣的選型······································· 51
2.8 本章小結·················································· 52
第3章 視頻編碼壓縮技術················· 53
3.1 多媒體技術基礎······································ 54
3.1.1 圖像的色彩模型······························· 54
3.1.2 圖像的色彩空間變換······················· 57
3.1.3 圖像的基本屬性······························· 58
3.1.4 圖像的格式與質量··························· 59
3.1.5 數據壓縮方法··································· 60
3.2 靜態圖像壓縮技術·································· 64
3.2.1 色相變換過程··································· 65
3.2.2 區塊切割與采樣······························· 66
3.2.3 離散餘弦(DCT)變換························· 68
3.2.4 量化過程介紹··································· 69
3.2.5 Z字形編碼過程································ 71
3.2.6 DC繫數及AC繫數編碼················· 72
3.2.7 熵編碼介紹······································· 73
3.2.8 JPEG數據流介紹····························· 73
3.2.9 JPEG解壓縮過程····························· 73
3.3 視頻(動態圖像)編碼壓縮······················· 74
3.3.1 視頻壓縮的必要性··························· 74
3.3.2 視頻壓縮的可行性··························· 75
3.3.3 圖像格式說明··································· 75
3.3.4 逐行掃描與隔行掃描······················· 79
3.3.5 幀率、碼流與分辨率······················· 80
3.3.6 視頻編碼模型··································· 81
3.3.7 運動補償技術介紹··························· 82
3.4 主流視頻編碼技術·································· 83
3.4.1 MJPEG編碼壓縮····························· 84
3.4.2 MPEG-1技術介紹···························· 85
3.4.3 MPEG-2技術介紹···························· 90
3.4.4 MPEG-4技術介紹···························· 91
3.4.5 H.264技術說明································ 96
3.4.6 H.265編碼技術································ 98
3.4.7 視頻編解碼技術應用······················· 103
3.5 本章小結·················································· 105
第4章 硬盤錄像機(DVR)技術············ 107
4.1 DVR產品介紹········································ 108
4.1.1 DVR發展歷史·································· 108
4.1.2 DVR工作原理·································· 109
4.1.3 軟壓縮與硬壓縮······························· 110
4.1.4 DVR芯片介紹·································· 111
4.1.5 DVR的錄像文件管理······················ 113
4.1.6 DVR配置及接口······························ 114
4.1.7 DVR的關鍵技術······························ 117
4.1.8 DVR術語介紹·································· 118
4.2 DVR軟硬件構成···································· 119
4.2.1 嵌入式DVR······································ 119
4.2.2
PC式DVR········································ 122
4.2.3 嵌入式對比PC式DVR··················· 123
4.3 DVR應用軟件功能································ 125
4.3.1 設備配置及管理······························· 126
4.3.2 錄像管理··········································· 126
4.3.3 報警管理··········································· 127
4.3.4 視頻存儲與備份······························· 127
4.3.5 視頻瀏覽與回放······························· 128
4.3.6 設備網管維護··································· 129
4.3.7 用戶的管理······································· 129
4.3.8 用戶操作日志審計··························· 130
4.4 DVR的應用架構···································· 130
4.4.1 單機工作模式··································· 130
4.4.2 模數混合架構··································· 131
4.4.3 多機聯網模式··································· 132
4.5 DVR的亮點功能···································· 136
4.5.1 DVR的多碼流技術·························· 136
4.5.2 視頻分析技術應用··························· 138
4.5.3 混合DVR技術································· 139
4.5.4 智能檢索與回放······························· 140
4.5.5 場景重組技術··································· 141
4.5.6 視頻加密技術··································· 142
4.6 DVR產品選型········································ 142
4.7 DVR的常見故障···································· 145
4.7.1
PC式DVR的常見故障··················· 145
4.7.2 嵌入式DVR的常見故障················· 145
4.8 DVR應用案例········································ 146
4.8.1 DVR帶寬設計·································· 146
4.8.2 DVR存儲設計·································· 148
4.9 DVR設置與操作···································· 148
4.9.1 DVR的繫統設置······························ 149
4.9.2 DVR的應用操作······························ 153
4.10 DVR的遠程訪問·································· 155
4.10.1 流媒體服務····································· 156
4.10.2 DVR的公網配置···························· 158
4.10.3 DVR的轉碼應用···························· 161
4.11 本章小結················································ 162
第5章 視頻編碼器技術···················· 163
5.1 DVS產品介紹········································· 164
5.1.1 DVS發展歷程·································· 164
5.1.2 DVS對比DVR································ 165
5.1.3 DVS的工作原理······························ 166
5.2 DVS產品軟硬件構成····························· 168
5.2.1 DVS硬件構成·································· 168
5.2.2 DVS軟件構成·································· 169
5.3 DVS繫統應用架構································· 172
5.3.1 矩陣+DVS混合架構························ 172
5.3.2 DVS+NVR架構······························· 173
5.4 DVS的亮點功能····································· 174
5.4.1 DVS的ANR技術··························· 174
5.4.2 DVS冗餘技術·································· 176
5.4.3 DVS的多碼流技術·························· 177
5.4.4 DVS的PoE技術····························· 178
5.4.5 DVS的音頻功能······························ 179
5.4.6 DVS組播應用·································· 180
5.4.7 帶視頻分析功能的DVS·················· 181
5.5 DVS產品選型········································· 182
5.5.1 DVS的主要參數······························ 182
5.5.2 DVS產品的架構······························ 182
5.5.3 編碼壓縮方式··································· 182
5.5.4 視頻分析功能··································· 183
5.5.5 各類接口資源··································· 183
5.5.6 標準化與開放性······························· 184
5.5.7 設備的穩定性··································· 184
5.6 DVS的集成整合····································· 185
5.6.1 DVS的SDK集成···························· 185
5.6.2 DVS的SDK功能···························· 186
5.7 DVS設置與應用····································· 187
5.7.1 DVS工作流程·································· 187
5.7.2 DVS碼流分析·································· 188
5.7.3 DVS主要參數說明·························· 189
5.7.4 DVS配置過程·································· 190
5.8 SDI-DVS產品介紹································· 192
5.9 DVS常見故障及公網接入····················· 193
5.10 本章小結················································ 194
第6章 網絡錄像機(NVR)技術············ 195
6.1 NVR產品介紹········································ 196
6.1.1 NVR的功能角色······························ 196
6.1.2 NVR的功能模塊······························ 197
6.1.3 NVR對比DVR································ 198
6.1.4
PC式與嵌入式NVR························ 200
6.2 NVR的技術指標···································· 202
6.2.1 NVR的平臺需求······························ 202
6.2.2 NVR的瓶頸分析······························ 203
6.2.3 NVR的軟件功能······························ 205
6.2.4 NVR的兼容性·································· 212
6.3 NVR產品亮點功能································ 212
6.3.1 視頻中間件技術應用······················· 212
6.3.2
ANR技術·········································· 214
6.3.3 NVR冗餘技術·································· 215
6.3.4 視頻標簽功能··································· 216
6.3.5 帶視頻分析功能的NVR·················· 216
6.3.6 軟件的進程隔離技術······················· 216
6.3.7 軟件定制化設計······························· 217
6.4 NVR產品選型要點································ 217
6.4.1 NVR典型參數·································· 217
6.4.2 NVR產品選型·································· 217
6.5 NVR應用案例分析································ 219
6.5.1 需求分析··········································· 219
6.5.2 網絡帶寬設計··································· 221
6.5.3 NVR存儲設計·································· 222
6.6 NVR的ONVIF接入······························ 223
6.7 本章小結·················································· 225
第7章 網絡攝像機(IPC)技術············ 227
7.1 IPC產品介紹··········································· 228
7.1.1 IPC的定義········································ 228
7.1.2 IPC的主要功能································ 229
7.1.3 IPC的分類········································ 230
7.1.4 IPC的優勢········································ 231
7.1.5 IPC的常用術語介紹························ 234
7.2 IPC的組成及工作原理··························· 235
7.2.1 IPC的硬件構成································ 235
7.2.2 IPC的軟件構成································ 238
7.2.3 IPC的工作原理································ 239
7.3 IPC數據的網絡傳輸······························· 239
7.3.1 網絡傳輸協議介紹··························· 240
7.3.2 視音頻流的傳輸······························· 241
7.3.3 控制信號的傳輸······························· 242
7.4 IPC的核心技術······································· 242
7.4.1 光學成像技術··································· 243
7.4.2 視頻編碼算法··································· 243
7.4.3 編碼壓縮芯片··································· 244
7.4.4 視頻分析技術··································· 244
7.5 IPC的亮點功能······································· 246
7.5.1 IPC的3G/4G功能··························· 246
7.5.2
PoE技術············································ 247
7.5.3 本地緩存功能··································· 248
7.5.4 DDNS支持······································· 248
7.5.5 IPC的安全通信································ 249
7.5.6 報警改變幀率技術··························· 250
7.5.7 IPC的多碼流技術···························· 251
7.5.8 視頻質量控制QoS··························· 252
7.5.9 視頻移動探測··································· 253
7.6 IPC的選型要點······································· 253
7.6.1 IPC的主要參數································ 253
7.6.2 圖像質量··········································· 253
7.6.3 網絡適應性······································· 254
7.6.4 編碼壓縮算法··································· 254
7.6.5 繫統安裝與升級······························· 254
7.6.6 產品許可授權方式··························· 255
7.6.7 二次開發與集成······························· 255
7.6.8 廠商產品線考察······························· 255
7.7 IPC的應用設計······································· 256
7.7.1 需求分析··········································· 256
7.7.2 繫統架構··········································· 258
7.7.3 帶寬與存儲設計······························· 258
7.7.4 繫統的主要功能······························· 259
7.8 IPC的參數設置······································· 260
7.8.1 設置前的準備工作··························· 260
7.8.2 IP地址設置······································· 261
7.8.3 視頻流參數······································· 262
7.8.4 攝像機圖像參數設置······················· 263
7.8.5 事件參數設置··································· 264
7.8.6 繫統設備維護功能··························· 265
7.9 本章小結·················································· 266
第8章 高清視
