目  錄

第1章  緒  論········································································ 1

1.1  選題背景與選題意義························································ 1

1.2  國內外研究概況····························································· 2

1.3  研究內容和研究框架······················································· 11

1.4  數據來源和技術路線······················································ 13

1.5  創新之處···································································· 14

第2章  科學期刊及其對科學發展的影響······································ 16

2.1  科學期刊產生的社會背景················································· 17

2.2  科學期刊的淵源及發展···················································· 22

2.3  西方科學期刊的發展壯大················································· 25

2.4  科學對科學期刊的影響···················································· 26

2.5  科學期刊推動科學事業發展·············································· 27

2.6  科學期刊促進了科學體制化·············································· 30

第3章  中國科學期刊發展概覽·················································· 35

3.1  中國科學期刊的源流······················································ 35

3.2  中國科學期刊的發展······················································ 39

3.3  西方科學期刊對中國科學期刊的影響··································· 45

3.4  中國科學期刊與中國科學體制化········································ 48

第4章  中國科學期刊模仿及其問題············································ 57

4.1  中國《科學》和美國Science比較研究·································· 57

4.2  中國《自然雜志》和英國Nature比較研究····························· 72

4.3  《科學中國人》和《科學美國人》比較研究·························· 86

第5章  從簡單模仿走向自主發展··············································· 96

5.1  《科學通報》英文版和Science比較研究······························· 96

5.2  《科技導報》和Science比較研究······································ 105

5.3  《中國科學院院刊》和《美國科學院院刊》比較研究·············· 110

第6章  中西科學期刊差異及思考············································· 121

6.1  通過比較而揭示出來的問題············································· 121

6.2  對中國科學期刊問題的若干思考······································· 123

第7章  中國科學期刊未來發展的若干建議································· 136

7.1  堅持走期刊自主創新之路··············································· 136

7.2  堅持走期刊集團發展之路··············································· 137

7.3  鼓勵社會資本來參與辦刊··············································· 138

7.4  重新定位科學期刊之功能··············································· 139

7.5  提高編輯和作者的素質·················································· 140

參考文獻·············································································· 142

後  記················································································· 167

前   言

中美之間的貿易戰爭，尤其是美國對中國通信行業的制裁，使得國人深知科學技術在當今世界國家競爭中的重要性。中外眾多學者都曾探究過近代中國科學技術落後的原因，其中，英國科技史學家李約瑟提出了著名的“李約瑟難題”，錢學森院士提出了有名的“錢學森之問”。而科學期刊是一個國家科技實力的像征，它能夠影響一個國家的科學事業和國力發展。為此，本書以具有代表性的中西科學期刊為切入點來分析中國和西方國家在科技方面產生巨大差異的深層原因，並總結西方科學期刊的發展經驗，以便為中國科學期刊的未來發展和國家科技政策改革提供借鋻。

本書分為四大部分，首先介紹中西科學期刊的發展概況以及科學期刊與科學之間的關繫。其次，分別以美國Science與中國《科學》、英國Nature與中國《自然雜志》、美國《科學美國人》與中國《科學中國人》、美國Science與中國《科學通報》英文版、美國Science與中國《科技導報》以及《美國科學院院刊》與《中國科學院院刊》為比較案例，運用大數據和定量研究的方法對這六組案例進行載文量、影響因子、總被引頻次和文獻來源等方面的比較，同時還運用定性研究的方法對科學期刊發展歷程等進行對比研究，以深刻分析中西科學期刊之間的巨大差異。通過分析，筆者認為“拿來主義”、模仿別人而不注重基礎科學研究，是導致中國科學期刊缺乏具有原始創新文章，進而造成中西科學期刊之間產生差異的根本原因。造成差異的其他原因還有中國科研管理體制獃板，科學期刊管理制度過於行政化以及中西科學體制發展歷程差異，等等。後，在對比分析的基礎上，針對我國科學期刊的不足之處，提出了若干條針對性的建議以供有關部門參考。比如，堅持走科學自主原創之路，實行科學期刊的期刊內容創新，改革我們現行的科研評價制度，不能過於迷信西方的科學研究評價制度等等。

本書的創新之處表現在研究內容和研究方法上。在研究內容上，選取了六組具有代表性的中西科學期刊作為案例，進行中西科學期刊的深入比較研究。在研究方法上，綜合運用定性研究和定量研究相結合的辦法，先對中西科學期刊做了宏觀概況研究，再對六組中西科學期刊進行微觀案例研究。

鋻於作者水平有限，書中難免存在不妥之處，敬請讀者批評指正。

作 者