了得網經濟_從雇傭到自由人——新經濟模式下的分工3.0革命

內容簡介

分工帶來經濟的發展，已經得到數百年社會進步的驗證。分工的進化，本質上是社會資源的分配演變，不同的分工模式背後是不同的資源流動方式。兩者相互催生，相互影響。當互聯網時代到來，讓傳統金字塔型的社會結構出現松動，自然以往集中於塔尖上的各類資源（資金、技術、信息、知識、權力等）開始向廣大的基層和邊緣流動，必然帶來新一輪的分工革命。

作者簡介

企業互聯網轉型與管理顧問，互聯網分析師，現供職於中國信息通信研究院，任高級項目總監，專注於互聯網與社會各行業的融合發展，以及傳統企業的互聯網化轉型研究，作為通信、IT等企業外部顧問，多年來先後負責完成20餘起企業管理咨詢與培訓項目，涉及互聯網產業趨勢研判、企業戰略轉型、人力資源變革等領域。長期在《人民郵電》報、《互聯網天地》、《世界電信》、《通信產業報》等多家業內期刊發表專業文章，闡述互聯網對傳統企業的挑戰及管理轉型策略。

目錄
第1 章從小作坊到大工廠：分工1.0 和分工2.0 ············································· 1
1.1 分工1.0:“簡單而全面”的家庭小作坊 ··············································· 1
1.1.1 “男耕女織”的分工體繫 ··························································· 2
1.1.2 家庭分工向社會分工緩慢演化 ··················································· 4目錄
第1 章從小作坊到大工廠：分工1.0 和分工2.0 ············································· 1
1.1 分工1.0:“簡單而全面”的家庭小作坊 ··············································· 1
1.1.1 “男耕女織”的分工體繫 ··························································· 2
1.1.2 家庭分工向社會分工緩慢演化 ··················································· 4
1.2 分工2.0：“單一專業化”的工廠螺絲釘 ·············································· 5
1.2.1 “羊喫人”帶來的身份變遷 ······················································· 5
1.2.2 異化與單向度的勞動者 ······························································· 8
第2 章新經濟時代的分工3.0 革命 ································································· 13
2.1 從分工1.0 到分工3.0：分工的演變邏輯 ············································ 13
2.1.1 分工3.0：人與人的商業連接是如何建立的 ···························· 13
2.1.2 分工模式演進的驅動因素 ························································· 16
2.1.3 一張圖看懂分工1.0、分工2.0 和分工3.0 ······························· 21
2.2 分工3.0 的模式 ····················································································· 23
2.2.1 分工媒介的演進 ········································································ 23
2.2.2 分工模式的演進 ·········································································· 25
2.3 分工3.0 帶來四大社會新生價值 ························································· 31
2.3.1 分工革命是一次範式轉移 ························································· 31
2.3.2 分工2.0 範式：金字塔和中心化 ·············································· 32
2.3.3 分工3.0 範式：新分工、新身份、新觀念、新關繫 ··············· 35
..分工3.0
·X·
第3 章人人都是金融家 ···················································································· 41
3.1 從“富人遊戲”到“平民玩法” ························································ 43
3.1.1 金融：與風險相伴的富人遊戲 ················································· 43
3.1.2 互聯網金融緣何能撕開一道口子 ············································· 47
3.2 新工種：“小白”式的理財高手 ·························································· 58
3.2.1 從客戶思維到用戶思維 ····························································· 58
3.2.2 從互聯網第三方支付開始 ························································· 60
3.2.3 草根理財大顯身手 ···································································· 61
3.3 新工種：快樂的投資家 ········································································ 65
3.3.1 古代的眾籌玩家 ········································································ 65
3.3.2 金融界的超級大樂透 ································································ 69
3.4 新工種：非典型借貸人 ········································································ 74
3.4.1 人人都為“借錢”煩惱 ····························································· 74
3.4.2 “快樂借錢”已經到來 ····························································· 76
第4 章知識服務的個體戶 ················································································ 79
4.1 知識經濟與認識“小時代” ································································ 79
4.1.1 電子書與“古登堡計劃” ························································· 79
4.1.2 兩種認知模式：跟團遊和自助遊 ············································· 81
4.1.3 知識經濟和知識分工 ································································ 84
4.2 新工種：做一個熱心的知識分享者 ····················································· 85
4.2.1 知識分享可以成為一個新工種 ················································· 85
4.2.2 做分享的難題：收費還是免費 ················································· 93
4.3 新工種：為人指路的行家裡手 ···························································· 97
4.3.1 每天一堂“微課” ···································································· 97
4.3.2 約見心目中的“大牛” ··························································· 103
4.4 新工種：科研眾包下的研究者 ·························································· 106
4.4.1 集結全球“強大腦”的新科研 ··········································· 106
4.4.2 讓聰明的人為自己打工 ······················································· 112
第5 章平臺協作中的個體 ·············································································· 117
5.1 生產3.0 模式的黎明 ··········································································· 117
5.1.1 流水線與全球化帶來的生產2.0 時代 ···································· 118
目錄..
·XI·
5.1.2 從產業鏈到協同網——生產分工3.0 的誕生 ························· 122
5.2 新工種：人人都是設計師 ·································································· 125
5.2.1 “魔幻工廠”圓小白們的裁縫夢 ············

前言

序

“互聯網 ”和“共享經濟”是當下熱門的詞彙。探討信息經濟時代商業變革的書籍，隨處可見；特別是關於“互聯網 ”的暢銷書，更是不在少數，可謂汗牛充棟。然而，《從雇傭工到自由人》這本書卻與眾不同，以其對時代敏銳的觀察和新穎的思維給讀者帶來完全不同的感受，使本書具有很高的可讀性。
本書以獨到的眼光，從時間和空間兩個維度、宏觀和微觀兩個視角，觀察和論述了人類文明發展進程中的行業變遷、企業發展和個體角色演變。作者獨闢蹊徑，從“分工”這個我們再熟悉不過的經濟學概念入手，站在每一個個體的視角，一步步推演出由新技術引發的一場的巨大的“角色”革命，闡釋了在這新一輪技術變革的推動之下，我們每一個人的生活將會遇到什麼樣的機遇和挑戰，以及如何在未來的社會發展中重塑每一個人的角色定位和競爭力。作者抽絲剝繭，娓娓道來，極富啟發性。

序

“互聯網 ”和“共享經濟”是當下熱門的詞彙。探討信息經濟時代商業變革的書籍，隨處可見；特別是關於“互聯網 ”的暢銷書，更是不在少數，可謂汗牛充棟。然而，《從雇傭工到自由人》這本書卻與眾不同，以其對時代敏銳的觀察和新穎的思維給讀者帶來完全不同的感受，使本書具有很高的可讀性。

本書以獨到的眼光，從時間和空間兩個維度、宏觀和微觀兩個視角，觀察和論述了人類文明發展進程中的行業變遷、企業發展和個體角色演變。作者獨闢蹊徑，從“分工”這個我們再熟悉不過的經濟學概念入手，站在每一個個體的視角，一步步推演出由新技術引發的一場的巨大的“角色”革命，闡釋了在這新一輪技術變革的推動之下，我們每一個人的生活將會遇到什麼樣的機遇和挑戰，以及如何在未來的社會發展中重塑每一個人的角色定位和競爭力。作者抽絲剝繭，娓娓道來，極富啟發性。

縱觀人類社會千年的發展，不難看出，人類社會、經濟的繁榮發展，在很大程度上得益於人的勞動“分工”的不斷細化和深化。分工導致專業化，而專業化帶來勞動的高效率和工作的高水平。可能正因為如此，人類關於“分工”的意識和概念自古就有萌芽。例如，無論在東方和西方的古典時代，都有相似的關於不同的人、不同的物應當“各司其職、各安其位”的思想，隻是古人沒有使用“分工”（division of labour）這一概念罷了。

分工作為經濟學範疇可以追溯到古希臘。這個時期的經濟思想家色諾芬，早論述了勞動分工的必要性。然而在經濟學說史上個繫統地分析分工的經濟學家應該是古典經濟學的創始人亞當?斯密。其劃時代的巨著《國富論——國民財富的性質和原因研究》研究的中心問題就是國民財富的增長。在亞當?斯密看來，推動經濟增長的根本原因是勞動分工的日益深化和不斷演進，分工帶來的專業化導致技術進步，技術進步產生報酬遞增，而市場範圍的擴大又會進一步促進新的分工。

亞當?斯密之後，經濟學家楊格更加細化了對“分工”的理解。與之不同的是，楊格站在產業而非企業內部協作的層面來理解“分工”。楊格認為，隨著人類社會勞動分工的不斷演進，專業化程度的不斷提高，產業分工鏈條隨之不斷變長。在這個過程中，通過不同的專業化分工鏈條之間的相互協調，終帶來產品生產效率的提高以及市場交易的增加，進而擴大市場規模，而市場規模的擴大又進一步推動分工的發展。然而，楊格的理論也有不足，他同樣沒有找到分工的根源在於何處，他隻是解釋了分工發展和深化的原因，並沒有解釋分工產生的原因。而且，他也沒有從社會分工與企業內部分工兩個層次上探討分工背後的利益機制以及兩種分工之間的相互作用。

專業化經濟與勞動分工纔是經濟進步的重要的源泉。舉個簡單的例子，如果一個人想喫魚，在初的時候，無論是捕魚工具還是魚的喫法，都會比較簡單，與之相關的整個產業鏈也就會很簡單。隨著分工協作的持續細化，到了今天，捕魚工具和喫魚的方法都達到了非常豐富的程度，與“捕魚和喫魚”相關的產業鏈也變得異常“繁瑣和復雜”。雖然看起來比較“費勁”，但是，實際上人的“捕魚和喫魚”的效率和水平都得到了大幅提升。

分工是推動社會生產力發展的關鍵要素之一，人類分工協作程度的不斷深化和社會的進步發展一直是相伴而生的。我們之所以能夠從洪荒蒙昧的遠古時代，一路經過農業時代、工業時代，走向如今的信息時代，也是由於我們學會如何分工，從社會化的大分工，繼而在具體的行業、具體的組織內進行精細化的小分工，由此產生了專業化的發展模式，帶來了生產效率的大幅提高，也在細分領域中出現了不可計數的發明創造，帶來了顯著地技術革命。

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