適讀人群 ：本書面向水務行業和水務產業鏈上下遊的從業者，以及初涉該領域的研究者，有助於其快速了解水務行業概貌、瓶頸問題，以及智慧水務應用現狀與發展趨勢。

關於智慧水務不多的英文圖書，可以作為專業人員的培訓教材

Contents

Part 1?Development of Water System

Chapter 1?Current Situation and Challenges of Water System 2
1．1?Overview of water system 2
1．2?Current situation of water system 6
1．3?Challenges facing the water industry 7

Chapter 2?Comparison of Domestic and Overseas Water Development 11
2．1?Water supply in China 11
2．2?Wastewater treatment in China 15
2．3?Overseas water development 18
2．3．1?Water development in the US 18
2．3．2?Water development in the UK 20
2．3．3?Water development in Thailand 23

Chapter 3?Development Trend of Water Industry―Smart Water 26
3．1?Proposed measures for water industry development 26
3．1．1?Informatization of water affairs 26
3．1．2?Making software and hardware more intelligent 28
3．2?Overview of smart water 29
3．2．1?Introduction and advantages of smart water 29
3．2．2?Stages of smart water development 31
3．2．3?Prospect of smart water 32
3．3?Smart water related technologies 34

Part 2?Smart Water Supply System

Chapter 4?Intelligent Management Technology for Drinking Water Sources 38
4．1?Current situation of drinking water sources in China 38
4．1．1?Classification of water sources and protected areas 38
4．1．2?Water quality and quantity standards for water sources 39
4．1．3?Assessment of water source safety 42
4．2?Water source management theory and technology 46
4．2．1?Water source management theory 46
4．2．2?Current situation and countermeasures of water source management 46
4．2．3?Intelligent management technology for water sources 49
4．3?Typical design scheme for intelligent management of water sources 52
4．3．1?Design of intelligent monitoring for water sources 52
4．3．2?Intelligent scheduling design for water sources 55

Chapter 5?Intelligent Control Technology for Water Supply Treatment System 56
5．1?Water supply treatment 56
5．1．1?Water supply treatment theory 56
5．1．2?Basic process of water supply treatment 56
5．1．3?Status quo of water supply treatment 57
5．1．4?Intelligent control of water supply treatment 58
5．2?Automatic control of core process units 59
5．2．1?Automatic control of water intake pumping station 59
5．2．2?Automatic control of dosing 60
5．2．3?Automatic control of filter tank 63
5．2．4?Automatic control of chlorination 63
5．3?Typical design scheme for intelligent control of water supply treatment system 65
5．3．1?Intelligent control system 66
5．3．2?Water quality management system 67
5．3．3?Equipment management system 69

Chapter 6?Smart Operation and Maintenance Technology for Water Supply Pipe
????? Network System 70
6．1?Monitoring methods for water supply pipe network 71
6．1．1?Water quality monitoring 71
6．1．2?Water pressure monitoring 73
6．1．3?Discharge monitoring 74
6．2?Model of water supply pipe network 75
6．2．1?Hydraulic model 76
6．2．2?BP neural network 81
6．3?Intelligent operation and maintenance of water supply pipe network 84
6．3．1?Optimal scheduling 84
6．3．2?Leakage control 85
6．3．3?Safeguards for secondary water supply 87
6．3．4?Visualization technology for operation and maintenance management 90
6．4?Typical design scheme for intelligent operation and maintenance of water
supply pipe network 92
6．4．1?Monitoring system 94
6．4．2?Leakage control 95
6．4．3?Optimal scheduling 96

Chapter 7?Intelligent Service Technology at User Side 97
7．1?Intelligent monitoring and early warning services 98
7．1．1?Intelligent monitoring service 98
7．1．2?Intelligent early warning service 100
7．2?Intelligent customer service 100
7．2．1?Making customer service center intelligent 102
7．2．2?Online service platform 103
7．2．3?Intelligent business hall 103
7．3?Typical design scheme for intelligent service system at user side 104


Part 3?Smart Wastewater System

Chapter 8?Forecast of Wastewater Quality and Quantity into WWTPs 108
8．1?Demand for forecast of wastewater quality and quantity 108
8．2?Wastewater quality and quantity forecast technology 109
8．2．1?Establishment of peripheral database 110
8．2．2?Prediction of wastewater quality and quantity 114
8．3?Typical design scheme 115
8．3．1?Technology adopted in the scheme 115
8．3．2?Specific design scheme 116

Chapter 9?Intelligent Operation Technology for Wastewater Treatment Facilities 119
9．1?Status quo and demand of wastewater treatment facilities 119
9．1．1?Status quo of wastewater treatment facilities 119
9．1．2?Problems with wastewater treatment facilities 125
9．1．3?Requirements of wastewater treatment facilities 130
9．2?Intelligent monitoring system for facilities 131
9．2．1?Significance of data monitoring 131
9．2．2?Main monitoring parameters 132
9．2．3?Monitoring data application 133
9．3?Intelligent control technology and equipment for facilities 134
9．3．1?Classification of automatic control technologies 134
9．3．2?Commonly used wastewater control strategies 136
9．3．3?Common intelligent control equipment 138
9．4?Typical design scheme for upgrading wastewater treatment facilities 141
9．4．1?Architecture and design of monitoring system 141
9．4．2?Design scheme for efficient lift pumping station 150
9．4．3?Design scheme for fine aeration system 153
9．4．4?Design scheme for intelligent dosing system 156

Chapter 10?Intelligent Management Technology for Wastewater Treatment System 158
10．1?Data modeling scheme 159
10．1．1?Scheme for ANN model 159
10．1．2?Scheme for support vector machine model 160
10．1．3?Scheme for regression analysis model 161
10．2?Scheme for mechanism model 162
10．2．1?Activated sludge model 163
10．2．2?ASM-based commercial software 165
10．3?Scheme for merging of mechanism and data models 165
10．3．1?Scheme for fusion of average values 166
10．3．2?Scheme for fusion weighted average values 166
10．3．3?Scheme for fusion of conservative values 167
10．3．4?Scheme for f (x，θ) fusion 168
10．4?Scheme for plan library 170

Chapter 11?Cloud Management Technology for WWTPs Group 173
11．1?Requirements for WWTPs group cloud management 174
11．1．1?Development status and competition pattern of wastewater treatment
industry 175
11．1．2?Necessity of WWTPs group cloud management 178
11．1．3?Feasibility of WWTPs group cloud management 179
11．1．4?Value of applying WWTPs group cloud management 181
11．2?Principle and technology of WWTPs group cloud management 182
11．2．1?Basic principles of WWTPs group cloud management 182
11．2．2?Objectives of WWTPs group cloud management 183
11．2．3?WWTPs group cloud management technology and solution 185
11．2．4?Functions and description of WWTPs group cloud management 187
11．3?Design scheme for WWTPs group cloud management platform 188
11．3．1?Design principles of WWTPs group cloud management platform 188
11．3．2?Remote visual management of plant group site 190
11．3．3?Concentrated management and intelligent maintenance of equipment 191
11．3．4?Real-time monitoring of plant group production safety 192
11．3．5?Economic operation of plant group equipment 194

Part 4?Application Status and Prospect of Smart Water

Chapter 12?Application of Smart Water Supply System 198
12．1?Intelligent and integrated water source management system 199
12．1．1?Intelligent management system of water source well 199
12．1．2?Intelligent management system of water intake pumping station 202
12．2?Intelligent management system of waterworks 204
12．2．1?System application 204
12．2．2?System composition 205
12．2．3?System functions 206
12．2．4?Equipment configuration 207
12．3?Intelligent management system of water supply pipe network 208
12．3．1?Intelligent management system of secondary water supply
?pump house 208
12．3．2?Water supply pipe network monitoring system 211
12．3．3?Intelligent management system for leakage/loss of water supply
?pipe network 213
12．3．4?Intelligent management system of fire hydrant and water cock 216
12．4?User-end intelligent and integrated management system 220
12．4．1?Wireless automatic meter reading system 220
12．4．2?Large user meter reading/urban water supply pipe network DMA
?measurement management system 222

Chapter 13?Application of Smart Wastewater System 227
13．1?Intelligent aeration control system 228
13．1．1?Aeration volume control system 228
13．1．2?Fine aeration control technology and operation decision support system 233
13．2?Intelligent and integrated management system 235
13．2．1?Wastewater service application system 235
13．2．2?Plant group cloud platform management system 237
13．3?Smart wastewater system in rural areas 240
13．3．1?Rural “smart water system” 240
13．3．2?Township and town sewage collection and treatment system 242

Chapter 14?Development Prospect of Smart Water 243
14．1?Development of water system with Chinese characteristics 243
14．1．1?Adaptation to local conditions 243
14．1．2?Strengthening independent innovation 244
14．1．3?Strengthening government regulation 245
14．1．4?Formulating emergency procedures 246
14．2?Combination with new technologies and theories 247
14．2．1?Artificial intelligence technology 247
14．2．2?Big Data analysis technology 248
14．2．3?Wastewater reclamation technology 249
14．2．4?Trenchless pipe repair technology 250
14．2．5?Water system security protection technology 251
14．2．6?Blockchain technology 254
14．2．7?5G technology 254
14．3?Prospect of smart water 255
14．3．1?Sensing module 256
14．3．2?Artificial intelligence module 260
14．3．3?Platform module 265

References 267
術語表（Glossary） 274

Introduction

As a rapidly developing industry in recent years, smart water has potential for broad application to meet market demands. Starting with the development and evolution of the water system, this book presents a summary of the challenges and opportunities faced by the current water industry, as well as the bottlenecks and potential solutions in the development of the water industry; an analysis and evaluation of the industry demand, policy guidance, and technical feasibility with regard to how to make the water system smarter, as well as the general trend of smart water development; systematic review of the status quo of smart water application by smart water supply and smart wastewater, and the principles and technical schemes for typical application scenarios; comparison of smart water developments at home and abroad; and discussions about the future of smart water development from the perspectives of sensors, actuators, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. This book is intended for workers in the water industry and its upstream and downstream chain, as well as researchers who are newly involved in this field. It will help them to quickly understand the general picture of the water industry, its bottlenecks, and the current situation and development trend of smart water.

前??言

近年來，人工智能、物聯網、移動互聯網、大數據、雲計算等新型信息技術快速發展並在各領域取得廣泛應用，智慧交通、智慧水務等相關領域得到廣泛關注和研究。隨著水資源短缺和水環境污染等問題的日益突出，水務行業為更好地實現節約水資源、保護水環境、保障人民群眾用水安全這一目標，需要充分利用新一代信息技術，深入挖掘和廣泛運用水務信息資源，通過水務信息的采集、傳輸、存儲、處理服務，實現水務行業的管理智能化、決策科學化，全面提升水務管理效率和服務水平。發展智慧水務是實現這一目標的可行技術方案，將成為傳統水務轉型升級的重要方向。

智慧水務是指將傳統水務與現代信息化技術深度融合，以提高水務的管理和服務水平，在水務管控與調度、資源管理與協調、安全生產與環境保護、能源管理與優化等領域，進行業務創新，實現水務智慧化管理。本書由智慧水務領域的研究者、從業者共同撰寫。從水務繫統發展演變出發，總結當前水務行業面臨的機遇與挑戰，分析水務行業發展趨勢及相關技術，繫統梳理智慧水務典型應用場景的原理、技術和設計方案，並討論了智慧水務領域的發展前景。智慧水務研究領域的一個普遍認識是：傳感器+執行器+物聯網+人工智能=智慧水務。按照該框架分析智慧水務的發展前景：

在傳感器層面，水質、水量、水壓等指標的準確、快捷、高頻、經濟、無污染監測將是未來的發展熱點，衛星遙感、無人機遙測以及其他非接觸式監測理論與技術是最有可能取得突破的方向。

在執行器層面，用於進水控制、精細曝氣和精準投藥的新型可控水泵、風機、閥門等已經上市，但其性能和價格需要進一步優化以便中小型自來水廠和污水處理廠能夠承擔設備升級改造的成本。

在物聯網層面，智慧水務可能融入區塊鏈、5G等新技術，保障雲端與設備、設備與設備之間通信的穩定、及時和安全。

在人工智能層面，將深度融合機理模型和數據模型，充分發揮兩類建模方案的優勢，整合兩個方向的新技術，構建更加完善的水務繫統管理“智慧大腦”，滿足不同工藝類型、不同處理規模的老廠、擴建廠和新建廠等情境下的智能管理需求。

本書第4～7章由申渝教授牽頭撰寫，約12萬字；第3、9章由泰國蘭納皇家理工大學（Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna）副校長Chaiwongsar Suraphon博士牽頭撰寫，約7.8萬字，第12～14章由陳猷鵬教授牽頭撰寫，約10萬字；第8、10和11章由王建輝博士牽頭撰寫，約11萬字；第1～2章由於歆老師牽頭撰寫，約8.6萬字。所有章節內容均由高旭教授、泰國國家科學技術研究院清潔能源與環境學部（Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research）主任Piyakuldumrong Prapun教授參與指導、建議和把關。感謝本課題組齊高相、郭智威、陳佳、範興容、周月明、張冰等老師的支持和幫助，感謝課題組研究生遊慶國、黃鼕梅、李超、曾聞茹、萬柯佚等參與資料收集、文獻檢索與整理工作。此外，感謝重慶中法環保研發中心有限公司馮東、鮮吉成、季久翠等工程師的傾囊相授，感謝重慶耐德自動化技術有限公司王萬勝、李洪彪、石龍飛等工程師的傾力相助，他們從水務行業從業者角度給出許多寶貴的建議和幫助。

本書受到國家重點研發計劃項目（2016YFE0205600）、重慶市科技局重點項目（cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX0008和cstc2018jszx-cyztzxX0029）、工業污染控制新技術重慶市高校創新群體項目（CXQT19023）、管理科學與工程重慶市重點學科數據與信息管理團隊項目（ZDPTTD201917）等的資助，受到重慶南向泰斯環保技術研究院、重慶智慧水務產業技術研究院以及重慶工商大學國家智能制造服務國際科技合作基地的支持。

智慧水務是近年來快速發展的行業，具有廣闊的應用前景和市場需求，但無論是智慧水務的研究還是實踐，在新技術應用、新理論創建和新裝備開發等方面，還隻是起步階段，有很多難題需要解決。智慧水務處於不斷發展的過程中，由於作者研究水平有限、情況了解有限、編寫時間有限，書中肯定存在一些不足的地方，敬請廣大讀者批評指正。

作者

2020年4月於重慶

Preface

In recent years, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), mobile Internet, Big Data, Cloud computing and other emerging information technologies have experienced rapid growth and extensive application in various fields, with much attention and research on intelligent transportation and smart water. With water shortage and pollution of water environment becoming increasingly prominent, the water industry should make full use of the new-generation information technology, tap and utilize water information resources, and realize smart management of water industry, well-informed decision-making, and higher efficiency and service level in water management through the collection, transmission, storage and processing of water information. Developing smart water provides a feasible solution to achieve this goal. It will also lead the way to transformation and upgrading of traditional water affairs.