●PREFACE
STUDY REGION
SUMMARY
1Hydroenergy Resources Assessment and Development 001
1.1Methods and Data 002
1.1.1Resource Assessment Methods 002
1.1.2Macro Site Selection Method 004
1.1.3Basic Data and Parameters 006
1.2Resource Assessment 009
1.2.1Distribution of Water Systems 009
1.2.2Hydrological Data 009
1.2.3Land Covers 014
1.2.4Geological Conditions 016
1.2.5Overview of Hydroenergy Resources 020
1.2.6Assessment Results 023
1.2.7Development Status 039
2Wind Energy Resources Assessment and Development 041
2.1Methods and Data 042
2.1.1Resource Assessment Methods 042
2.1.2Macro Site Selection Method 046
2.1.3Basic Data and Parameters 048
2.2Resource Assessment 055
2.2.1Distribution of Wind Speeds 055
2.2.2Land Covers 055
2.2.3Distribution of Conservation Areas 060
2.2.4Transportation Facilities 060
2.2.5Grid Facilities 064
2.2.6Assessment Results 066
2.3Power Bases Development 078
2.3.1Development Status 078
2.3.2Layout of Bases 079
2.3.3Overview of Bases 080
2.3.4Study on Site Selection of Bases 087
3Solar Energy Resources Assessment and Development 097
3.1Methods and Data 098
3.1.1Resource Assessment Method 098
3.1.2Macro Site Selection Method 100
3.1.3Basic Data and Parameters 100
3.2Resource Assessment 107
3.2.1Distribution of Global Horizontal Irradiance 107
3.2.2Land Covers 109
3.2.3Distribution of Terrains 109
3.2.4Assessment Results 113
3.3Photovoltaic Development 122
3.3.1Development Status 122
3.3.2Distributed Photovoltaic Development 123
3.3.3Study on Site Selection of Bases 123
4Outbound Transmission of Large-scale Renewable Energy Bases 129
4.1Forecast of Electricity Demand 130
4.2Hydrogen Production and Hydrogen Energy Utilization for Clean Electricity 135
4.3Wind Power Bases in the North Sea 139
4.3.1Power Delivery Direction 139
4.3.2Power Transmission Mode 140
4.4Wind Power Bases in the Baltic Sea 141
4.4.1Power Delivery Direction 141
4.4.2Power Transmission Mode 142
4.5Wind Power Bases in Norwegian Sea Area 144
4.5.1Power Delivery Direction 144
4.5.2Power Transmission Mode 144
4.6Wind Power Bases in Greenland 146
4.6.1Power Delivery Direction 146
4.6.2Power Transmission Mode 146
4.7Wind Power Bases in the Barents Sea 147
4.7.1Power Delivery Direction 147
4.7.2Power Transmission Mode 148
5Policy Environment and Investment and Financing Suggestions 149
5.1Overview of Investment and Financing Policies of European Countries 150
5.2Policy Environment for Major European Countries 152
5.2.1The UK 152
5.2.2Germany 155
5.2.3The Netherlands 157
5.2.4Denmark 160
5.2.5Norway 163
5.2.6Iceland 165
5.2.7France 167
5.2.8Spain 170
5.2.9Italy 173
5.2.10Greece 176
5.3Investment and Financing Proposal 179
5.3.1Participating in the development, investment and operation of European clean energy projects in various forms such as cross-border mergers and acquisitions and equity transactions 179
5.3.2Actively Participate in Investment and Financing of PPP Projects 179
5.3.3Financing through European Green Financial Market 179
5.4Summary 180
EPILOGUE 181

本報告是《歐洲清潔能源開發與投資研究》的英文版。本報告是聚焦歐洲清潔能源開發與投資研究，全面展示了歐洲的清潔能源資源評估和大型基地選址成果。第1、2和3章，采用數字化方法完成了歐洲水電、風電和光伏的資源評估與基地開發研究。首先分別介紹了資源評估和選址研究的方法體繫、模型和數據；在水電方面，對歐洲主要流域的水能資源開展了理論蘊藏量測算，對主要待開發的河段提出了梯級開發方案；在風電和光伏方面，在全面測算和分析影響集中式開發的主要影響因素基礎上，開展了全洲各國家和地區風能、太陽能理論蘊藏量、技術可開發量以及開發成本的量化評估；運用數字平臺，研究提出了歐洲大型陸上風電基地、大型太陽能光伏基地的選址布局，完成了開發條件評價、開發規模評估以及技術經濟指標測算。第4章，基於歐洲能源電力供需發展趨勢，統籌區域內、跨區及跨洲電力消納市場，研究分析大型清潔能源基地送電方向和輸電方式。第5章，梳理了歐洲主要國家等