Part One Approaching Academic English

UNIT 1 Getting Acquainted with Academic English 3

11 Overall Impression of Academic English4

111 A Glance over Written Academic English5

112 A Glimpse of Spoken Academic English7

12 Salient Features of Academic English10

121Vocabulary10

122 Hedging12

13 Differentiating Academic English & General English15

131 Main Features of Spoken Academic English16

132 Main Features of Written Academic English20

UNIT 2 Cultivating Academic English Competencies 23

21 Diagsing Your Academic English Language Competencies24

211 Identifying General Problems with Your Academic

English Communication25

212 Understanding Specific Academic English

Communication Language Abilities Scales28

213 Locating the Gap Between Your Language Abilities and

the Standards32

22 Ways to Improve Academic Communication Competencies34

221 Improving Academic Communication Language Abilities34

222 Enhancing Academic English n-language Abilities38

223 Grasping Essential Skills for Communication in the

Main Oral Academic Scenarios39

Part Two Stepping into Academia

UNIT 3 Accessing Academic English Literature 45

31 Literature Sources and Types46

311 Literature Sources47

312 Major Literature Types49

32 Retrieval Databases, Methods and Strategies51

321 Retrieval Databases51

322 Search Terms for Retrieval54

323 Retrieving Methods56

324 Retrieving Strategies59

33 Tracking and Ordering Literature61

331 Literature Tracking and Ordering Tools62

332 Challenges and Precautions64

UNIT 4 Managing Academic English Literature 67

41 Reference Management Tools68

411 Some English Literature Management Tools68

412 Main Features of English Literature Management Tools69

42 Principles and Steps to Manage Academic English Documents71

421 Following Some Principles to Manage Documents71

422 Managing Documents in Pre-reading72

423 Managing Documents in Preliminary Reading73

424 Managing Documents in In-depth Reading73

425 Managing Documents in Writing74

426 Important Tips for Literature Management75

UNIT 5 Reviewing Academic English Literature 79

51 Selecting Sources80

511 Reviewing Literature81

512 Evaluating Sources84

52 Structuring a Literature Review89

521 Contents of a Literature Review89

522 Ways of Grouping a Literature Review92

53 Citing Sources94

531 Plagiarism95

532 Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Direct Quotation96

54 Following Academic Conventions in Referencing101

541 Styles of Referencing101

542 Verbs of Referencing103

Part Three Basic Academic English Communication

UNIT 6 Sitting in English Academic Lectures 109

61 Be Active Listeners110

611 What Is Special of an Academic Lecture?111

612 Focusing on Language Use Strategy in Lectures112

613 Taking tes114

614 Identifying Topic Sentences117

62 Evaluating While Listening120

63 Raising Questions for Further Understanding125

631 Functions of Asking Questions125

632 Purposes of Asking Questions127

UNIT 7 Asking and Answering Academic Questions 131

71 Understanding Questions132

711 Reasons for Asking Questions133

712 Questioning in Q&A Session133

72 Asking Questions136

721 Template of Asking a Question136

722 Types of Questions138

73 Answering Questions142

731 General Skills for Answering Questions143

732 Direct Answers145

733 Avoidance147

UNIT 8 Corresponding for Academic Purposes 155

81 Introduction of Academic Correspondence156

811 Definition of Academic Correspondence156

812 Various Purposes of English Academic Correspondence157

82 Features of English Academic Correspondence160

821 Formats of Academic Correspondence160

822 Language Features of Academic Correspondence164

83 Writing Strategies in Academic Correspondence166

831 Use You-attitude Rather Than I-attitude166

832 More Communicative Strategies in Correspondence167

Part Four Advanced Academic English Communication

Identifying International Conference

UNIT 9 Information 179

91 Benefits of Attending International Academic Conferences180

92 Information Sources on International Academic Conferences185

93 Varieties of Academic Conferences187

94 Conference Information and Major Conference Activities192

941 Conference Information193

942 Major Conference Activities195

UNIT 10 Making a Paper Presentation 199

101 Structuring a Presentation200

1011 Opening201

1012 Main Body204

1013 Ending205

102 Preparing a Presentation208

1021 Preparation Procedure209

1022 PowerPoint Design212

103 Delivering a Presentation215

1031 Presentation Skills215

1032 Verbal Epressions218

UNIT 11 Initiating Free Echanges with Academics 225

111 Preparing a Talk with Professionals226

1111 Topic Choosing227

1112 Information Collecting227

1113 Idea Organizing and Outlining228

112 Starting a Talk with Professionals230

1121 Talking with Familiar Professionals230

1122 Talking with Strangers231

113 Deepening the Topic231

114 Shifting the Topic233

UNIT 12 Presiding over a Session 235

121 Preparations Before the Session236

122 Making an Opening Speech and Introducing a Speaker239

1221 Making an Opening Speech240

1222 Introducing a Speaker241

123 Q&A Sessions and Thank-You Speeches244

Co-constructing a Simulated International

UNIT 13 Conference 251

131 The Significance of Co-constructing a Simulated

International Conference252

1311 Distinguishing the Varieties of International

Conferences253

1312 Mastering the Whole Procedures of International

Conferences254

132 Major Sessions of Simulated International Conferences255

1321 Organization of an International Conference256

1322 Routine Work of Organizing an International

Conference256

133 How to Co-construct a Simulated International Conference257

1331 To-do list at the Very Beginning of a Simulated

International Conference258

1332 Promoting a Simulated International Conference259

1333 Calling for Paper of a Simulated International

Conference261

1334 Invitation Letter of a Simulated International

Conference262

1335 Agenda of a Simulated International Conference262

134 The Evaluation of a Simulated International Conference264

References 267