目   錄

章  解答有機合成題的基礎知識準備················································································ 1

一、烴類和簡單雜環的官能團化····························································································· 1

二、官能團的轉換················································································································ 6

三、復習和熟練掌握碳鏈的增長方法······················································································ 9

四、熟悉一些重要的重排反應······························································································ 10

五、掌握碳碳鍵的構建方法·································································································· 10

六、掌握化學鍵的切斷與逆合成分析法················································································· 10

七、熟悉按照化學鍵異裂方式切斷後的常見合成子及其對應的等價物······································· 10

八、逆合成分析切斷法的技巧······························································································ 11

九、一條理想的合成路線的確定需要把握的幾點···································································· 11

第二章  有機化合物常見增長和縮短碳鏈的方法····································································· 12

節  增長碳鏈的方法····································································································· 12

一、增加一個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 12

二、增加兩個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 16

三、增加三個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 19

四、增加四個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 22

五、碳鏈倍增法·················································································································· 22

第二節  縮短碳鏈的方法····································································································· 24

一、減少一個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 24

二、烯烴通過氧化斷鍵減少一個或多個碳的方法···································································· 25

第三章  有機合成練習題題解······························································································· 26

參考文獻·························································································································· 238

前   言

有機合成是一門藝術——一門分子水平上的建築藝術；是一項復雜、艱巨的工作；也是一項耐人尋味和富有挑戰性、創造性的工作。其任務就是構建碳碳骨架和所需的官能團。這就要求我們必須熟練掌握官能團的引入和相互轉換的反應，以及碳碳鍵的構建。

編寫本書的目的是給剛接觸有機合成反應的學生提供一個模仿的樣式。使有機合成初學者有樣可學，促使他們較快地掌握有機合成的一些基本規律，繫統掌握有機化學的基本知識和基本理論，並能很快地應用到合成路線的設計上來，迅速提高應用有機化學基本知識和基本理論的能力。通過學習和訓練，幫助學生提高理論推導能力、有機化學的基本理論和基本知識的應用能力，進一步提高邏輯思維能力，拓展知識的應用範圍，開闊視野。通過學習和訓練，學生應能達到較順利地掌握和熟悉有機合成路線設計的基本要求和能力。對於學生繫統學習和復習有機化學，尤其是對考研具有重要意義。

考慮到篇幅的限制，本書主要內容分為三章，章解答有機合成題的基礎知識準備；第二章有機化合物常見增長和縮短碳鏈的方法；第三章有機合成練習題題解。重點是第三章，詳細介紹了300多條基本有機合成路線的設計，特點是采用一題一分析一推導一解釋一路線的方式進行。按照有機合成的基本要求，進行逆合成分析，然後加以文字解釋，後給出符合有機合成要求的、可行的、簡練的合成路線。

本書作為有機合成教學的重要參考書，重在啟蒙、引領、啟發，重在學生自學，適合本專科生、研究生學習參考，也適合考研學生復習使用，是一本適時的參考書。希望能給初學者和考研學習者帶來一些可貴的啟發，助其提高學習效率。

本書經過10多年的教學和考研輔導促成初稿，在學校和二級學院領導的鼓勵和支持下纔得以完成。由於時間關繫，來不及繫統分類，對有機合成的分析技術和路線設計難以做到非常精準。書中難免存在錯漏之處，敬請讀者批評指正。

                                                      編  者