項目一汽車電氣設備基礎001
一、情境引入001
二、相關知識001
（一）汽車電氣設備的組成001
（二）汽車電氣設備的特點002
（三）汽車電氣設備故障的基本診斷方法002
（四）汽車電氣設備維修中常用的檢測儀表和工具003
三、項目實施004
（一）常用檢測儀表的使用004
（二）實施步驟004
四、知識與技能拓展006
（一）汽車電氣設件006
（二）汽車電路常器件013
小結013
習題及思考013

項目二蓄電池的檢測與維護014
一、情境引入014
二、相關知識014
（一）蓄電池的作用及類型014
（二）蓄電池的安裝位置014
（三）蓄電池的結構014
（四）蓄電池的工作原理016
（五）蓄電池的技術參數017
（六）蓄電池的型號017
（七）免維護蓄電池018
（八）蓄電池的常見故障及排除019
三、項目實施020
（一）蓄電池安全使用、檢查維護、充電與檢測020
（二）實施步驟021
四、知識與技能拓展023
（一）蓄電池切斷保護裝置023
（二）蓄電池監控裝置024
小結024
習題及思考024

項目三充電繫統的檢修025
一、情境引入025
二、相關知識025
（一）充電繫統概述025
（二）交流發電機的構造026
（三）交流發電機的工作原理031
（四）電壓調節器034
（五）交流發電機和電壓調節器的使用與維護039
（六）充電繫統的故障診斷039
三、項目實施042
（一）充電繫統的檢修要求042
（二）實施步驟042
四、知識與技能拓展047
（一）其他類型的發電機047
（二）部分品牌汽車發電機電路圖049
（三）電源管理繫統049
小結053
習題及思考053

項目四起動繫統的檢修054
一、情境引入054
二、相關知識054
（一）起動繫統概述054
（二）起動機的構造055
（三）直流電動機056
（四）起動機的傳動機構與操縱機構059
（五）起動機的控制電路063
（六）起動機的正確使用065
三、項目實施065
（一）起動繫統實施要求065
（二）實施步驟065
四、知識與技能拓展073
（一）減速起動機的結構073
（二）起動/停止繫統075
小結076
習題及思考077

項目五點火繫統的檢修078
一、情境引入078
二、相關知識078
（一）點火繫統概述078
（二）點火繫統的基本構造與檢修079
（三）計算機控制的點火繫統的構造與維修087
三、項目實施097
（一）點火繫統實施要求097
（二）實施步驟097
小結097
習題及思考098

項目六汽車燈光繫統的檢修099
一、情境引入099
二、相關知識099
（一）照明、信號繫統的作用、類型和基本組成099
（二）汽車照明繫統100
（三）汽車信號繫統104
三、項目實施107
（一）一汽大眾寶來轎車前照燈控制繫統電路圖分析與檢修107
（二）前照燈的維護與故障診斷113
（三）電喇叭的調整115
四、知識與技能拓展116
（一）車燈主動轉向繫統116
（二）奧迪A8可變照明距離117
（三）車燈開關的LIN總線電路118
小結119
習題及思考119

項目七信息顯示繫統的檢修120
一、情境引入120
二、相關知識120
（一）汽車儀表繫統120
（二）汽車報警信息繫統128
三、項目實施131
（一）冷卻液溫度表的故障診斷131
（二）燃油表的故障診斷132
（三）電子式車速裡程表的故障診斷132
四、知識與技能拓展133
（一）奧迪多媒體交互繫統133
（二）平視顯示繫統133
（三）電子機油油面高度顯示134
（四）電子駐車制動繫統EPB（電子手剎）134
（五）觸摸顯示繫統135
小結135
習題及思考135

項目八汽車輔助電氣繫統的檢修136
一、情境引入136
二、相關知識136
（一）電動刮水器的組成與分類136
（二）刮水器繫統的工作原理137
（三）清洗器繫統的組成140
（四）電動刮水器和清洗器的維護與常見故障檢修141
（五）電動車窗的組成與結構143
（六）電動車窗的工作原理143
（七）電動車窗的故障診斷147
三、項目實施147
（一）汽車輔助電氣繫統的檢修147
（二）實施步驟147
四、知識與技能拓展152
（一）風窗除霜裝置152
（二）電動座椅152
（三）電動後視鏡155
（四）中控門鎖繫統156
小結158
習題及思考158

項目九汽車電氣繫統電路圖的分析159
一、情境引入159
二、相關知識159
（一）汽車電路圖的種類159
（二）常見圖形符號、文字符號及標志161
（三）汽車電路的繪制及識圖要領173
（四）汽車電路檢修常識176
三、項目實施177
（一）汽車總電路圖拆畫分析177
（二）實施步驟177
四、知識與技能拓展183
小結185
習題及思考185

參考文獻186




Item ⅠFundamentals of Automobile Electrical Equipment001
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction001
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge001
(Ⅰ)Composition of automobile electrical equipment001
(Ⅱ)Characteristics of the automobile electrical equipment002
(Ⅲ)Basic methods of diagnosing the faults of automobile electrical equipment003
(Ⅳ)Testing instruments and tools commonly used in the maintenance of the automobile electrical equipment004
Ⅲ.Item Implementation005
(Ⅰ)Use of commonly used measuring instruments and tools005
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps006
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion009
(Ⅰ)Basic components of the automobile electrical equipment009
(Ⅱ)Electronic components commonly used in automobile circuits016
Summary017
Thinking and Practice017

Item ⅡTest and Maintenance of Battery018
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction018
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge018
(Ⅰ)Function and type of battery018
(Ⅱ)Installation position of the battery018
(Ⅲ)Structure of the battery019
(Ⅳ)Working principle of the battery021
(Ⅴ)Technical parameters of the battery022
(Ⅵ)Model of battery023
(Ⅶ)Maintenance-free battery024
(Ⅷ)Common failures and troubleshooting of batteries026
Ⅲ.Item Implementation028
(Ⅰ)Safe use,inspection,maintenance,charging and testing of the battery028
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps028
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion032
(Ⅰ)Battery cut-off protection device of the battery032
(Ⅱ)Battery monitoring device032
Summary033
Thinking and Practice033

Item ⅢOverhaul of Charging System034
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction034
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge034
(Ⅰ)Overview of charging system034
(Ⅱ)Construction of alternator035
(Ⅲ)Working principle of alternator041
(Ⅳ)Voltage regulator046
(Ⅴ)Use and maintenance of alternator and voltage regulator052
(Ⅵ)Fault diagnosis of charging system053
Ⅲ.Item Implementation057
(Ⅰ)Maintenance requirements for the charging system057
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps057
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion063
(Ⅰ)Other types of generators063
(Ⅱ)Circuit diagrams of the generators of some brand automobiles066
(Ⅲ)Power management system066
Summary070
Thinking and Practice070

Item ⅣMaintenance of Starting System071
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction071
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge071
(Ⅰ)Overview of starting system071
(Ⅱ)Construction of starter073
(Ⅲ)DC motor073
(Ⅳ)Transmission mechanism and control mechanism of starter078
(Ⅴ)Control circuit of starter082
(Ⅵ)Correct use of the starter085
Ⅲ.Item Implementation085
(Ⅰ)Requirements for the implementation of the starting system085
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps085
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion095
(Ⅰ)Structure of deceleration starter095
(Ⅱ)Start/stop system097
Summary099
Thinking and Practice099

Item ⅤMaintenance of Ignition System100
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction100
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge100
(Ⅰ)Overview of ignition system100
(Ⅱ)Basic construction and overhaul of the ignition system102
(Ⅲ)Construction and maintenance of computer-controlled ignition system112
Ⅲ.Item Implementation126
(Ⅰ)Implementation requirements126
(Ⅱ)Implementation Steps126
Summary127
Thinking and Practice127

Item ⅥOverhaul of Automobile Lighting System128
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction128
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge128
(Ⅰ)Function,type and basic composition of the lighting and signal systems128
(Ⅱ)Automobile lighting system129
(Ⅲ)Automobile signaling system134
Ⅲ.Item Implementation139
(Ⅰ)Analysis of the circuit diagram of the control system for the headlight of the Volkswagen Bora and overhaul139
(Ⅱ)Maintenance and fault diagnosis of headlight146
(Ⅲ)Adjustment of electric horn150
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion151
(Ⅰ)Active steering system of lights151
(Ⅱ)Variable lighting distance of Audi A8152
(Ⅲ)LIN bus circuit for automobile light switch154
Summary154
Thinking and Practice155

Item ⅦMaintenance of Information Display System156
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction156
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge156
(Ⅰ)Automobile instrument system156
(Ⅱ)Automobile alarm information system168
Ⅲ.Item Implementation172
(Ⅰ)Fault diagnosis of coolant thermometer172
（Ⅱ）Fault diagnosis of fuel gauge173
（Ⅲ）Fault diagnosis of electronic speedometer173
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion174
(Ⅰ)The Audi multimedia interactive system174
(Ⅱ)Head-up display system174
(Ⅲ)Electronic oil level height indication175
(Ⅳ)Electronic park brake system（EPB）176
(Ⅴ)Touch display system177
Summary177
Thinking and Practice178

Item ⅧOverhaul of Automobile Auxiliary Electrical System179
Ⅰ.Scene Introduction179
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge179
(Ⅰ)Composition and classification of electric wiper179
(Ⅱ)Working principle of wiper system181
(Ⅲ)Composition of the cleaning system185
(Ⅳ)Maintenance and troubleshooting of electric wiper and cleaner186
(Ⅴ)Composition and structure of electric windows188
(Ⅵ)Working principle of electric window189
(Ⅶ)Fault diagnosis of electric window193
Ⅲ.Item Implementation193
(Ⅰ)Overhaul of automobile auxiliary electrical system193
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps193
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion200
(Ⅰ)Window defrost device200
(Ⅱ)Electric seat200
(Ⅲ)Electric rear-view mirror204
(Ⅳ)Central control door lock system205
Summary207
Thinking and Practice208

Item ⅨAnalysis of Circuit Diagram of Automobile 
Electrical System209Ⅰ.Scene Introduction209
Ⅱ.Related Knowledge209
(Ⅰ)Type of automobile circuit diagram209
(Ⅱ)Common graphic symbols,letter symbols and signs212
(Ⅲ)Key points for drawing and reading automobile circuits227
(Ⅳ)Common knowledge of automobile circuit overhaul232
Ⅲ.Item Implementation234
(Ⅰ)Analysis of decomposing the general automobile circuit diagram234
(Ⅱ)Implementation steps234
Ⅳ.Knowledge and Skills Expansion240
Summary243
Thinking and Practice243

近年來，國內汽車業快速發展，汽車保有量持續增長。高速增長的汽車保有量也帶來了社會對汽車專業人纔需求量的迅速增加。汽車電氣設備檢修是汽車維修人員必須掌握的技能，也是高等職業院校汽車維修類專業的一門必修專業核心課程。本書根據高職院校教學的要求，繫統介紹了汽車維修技術人員所必須掌握的汽車電氣基礎知識、汽車電氣結構、工作原理、維修、故障診斷與排除等知識，突出“以能力培養為本位”的思想，采用理論實踐一體化的編寫模式，更加符合現代職業技術教育課程發展的需要。
本書共分為9個項目，涉及汽車電氣設備基礎、汽車蓄電池、充電繫統、起動繫統、點火繫統、汽車燈光繫統、信息顯示繫統、汽車輔助電氣繫統和汽車電氣繫統電路圖分析等知識。
本書根據學生的認知規律，注重職業教育的特點，以訓練學生汽車電氣維修技能為目標，主要內容覆蓋汽車電氣繫統基礎維修的相關知識。本書圖文並茂，在介紹汽車維修知識時加入了大量的實物圖片，以促進學生對所學知識的認知，提高學生的學習興趣。
本書由天津交通職業學院方斌主編，其中天津交通職業學院方斌編寫項目一、項目二、項目三、項目四，天津交通職業學院李嘉澤編寫項目五、項目六、項目七，天津交通職業學院張瑞靜編寫項目八、項目九。
本書編者水平有限，書中難免存在不妥之處，請讀者批評指正。

編者




Preface
In recent years，the automobile industry in China has developed rapidly，and the automobile parc has continued to grow.What the high-speed growth of automobile parc brings about is a rapid increase in the demand for automobile professionals.Automobile electrical equipment overhaul is not only a necessary skill of automobile maintenance personnel，but also a required core course of automobile maintenance majors in higher vocational colleges.According to the teaching requirements of vocational colleges，this book systematically introduces the basic knowledge of automobile electrical system，automobile electrical structure，working principle，maintenance，fault diagnosis and elimination，etc.，which must be mastered by senior automobile maintenance technicians.Highlighting the idea of“taking ability training as the first”and adopting the writing mode of integrating theory and practice is more in line with the needs of modern vocational and technical education curriculum development.
The book is divided into 9 items，involving fundamentals of automobile electrical equipment，automobile battery，charging system，starting system，ignition system，automobile lighting system，information display system，automobile auxiliary electrical system and automobile electrical system circuit diagram analysis.
This book，according to the students’ cognitive law，pays attention to the characteristics of vocational education，aims at training the students’ automobile electrical maintenance skills，and mainly covers the knowledge of basic maintenance of automobile electrical system.In this book，many practical pictures are added to introduce the knowledge of automobile maintenance to promote students’ understanding of what they have learned and enhance their interest in learning.
This book is edited by Bin Fang of Tianjin Communications vocational college, of which Fang bin of Tianjin Communications Vocational College compiles item Ⅰ, item Ⅱ, item Ⅲ and item Ⅳ, Jiaze Li of Tianjin Communications Vocational College compiles item Ⅴ, item Ⅵ and item Ⅶ, and Ruijing Zhang of Tianjin Communications Vocational College compiles item Ⅷ and item Ⅸ.
Due to my limited knowledge，it is inevitable that there is something improper in the book.I sincerely hope that the readers shall correct it.

Editor