1 About the TOEFL iBT ® Test 1
Getting Started ..........................................................................................................1
How to Use This Book ............................................................. ............ .....................2
All About the TOEFL iBT® Test ..............................................................................4
Reading Section ........................................................................................................ 7
Listening Section .................................................................................................... 12
Speaking Section ..................................................................................................... 17
Writing Section ....................................................................................................... 19
About Test Scores .................................................................................................... 21
General Skill-Building Tips .................................................................................... 25
Test Preparation Tips from ETS ............................................................................. 33
Questions Frequently Asked by Test Takers .......................................................... 34
2 Reading Section 37
Reading Passages ................................................................................................... 37
Reading Questions ................................................................................................. 38
Basic Information and Inferencing Questions ...................................................... 38
Reading to Learn Questions ................................................................................ ..50
Strategies for Preparing for the Reading Section ................................................. ..58
Reading Practice Sets ............................................................................................. 60
Practice Set 1 ........................................................................................................ 60
Practice Set 2 ........................................................................................................ 69
Practice Set 3 ........................................................................................................ 78
Practice Set 4 ........................................................................................................ 88
Practice Set 5 ........................................................................................................ 98
Practice Set 6 ...................................................................................................... 107
3 Listening Section 117
Listening Materials .............................................................................................. 117
Listening Questions ............................................................................................. 119
Basic Comprehension Questions ....................................................................... ..120
Pragmatic Understanding Questions ................................................................. .. 126
Connecting Information Questions .................................................................... .. 129
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Listening Section ......................... ...135
Listening Practice Sets ......................................................................................... 137
Practice Set 1 ...................................................................................................... 137
Practice Set 2 ...................................................................................................... 142
Practice Set 3 ...................................................................................................... 147
Practice Set 4 ...................................................................................................... 152
Practice Set 5 ...................................................................................................... 158
4 Speaking Section 163
The Speaking Section .......................................................................................... 163
Speaking Questions .............................................................................................. 165
The Independent Task .................................................. .......................................... 165
The Integrated Tasks............................... .................... ..........................................167
Speaking Scoring Rubrics .................................................................................... 180
Independent Task: Question 1 .........................................................................180
Integrated Tasks: Question 2, 3 and 4.........................................................................182
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Speaking Section ......................... ... 184
Frequently Asked Questions About the TOEFL® Speaking Section .................. 185
5 Writing Section 187
The Writing Section ............................................................................................. 187
The Integrated Writing Task ................................................................................ 188
How the Task Is Phrased .................................................................................... 190
Strategies for Taking the Integrated Writing Task .............................................. 191
Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric ...................................................................... 193
Sample Scored Responses for the Integrated Writing Task ............................... 195
The Independent Writing Task ............................................................................ 199
How Essays Are Scored ..................................................................................... 200
Independent Writing Scoring Rubric .................................................................. 203
Sample Scored Responses for the Independent Writing Task ........................... ..205
Independent Writing Topics ................................................................................ 210
Topic List ........................................................................................................... ..210
6 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 1 215
Reading .................................................................................................................. 217
Listening ................................................................................................................ 237
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 249
Writing ................................................................................................................... 255
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ...261
7 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 2 313
Reading .................................................................................................................. 315
Listening ................................................................................................................ 335
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 347
Writing ................................................................................................................... 353
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 359
8 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 3 409
Reading .................................................................................................................. 409
Listening ................................................................................................................ 411
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 431
Writing ................................................................................................................... 445
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 457
9 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 4 509
Reading .................................................................................................................. 511
Listening ................................................................................................................ 531
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 545
Writing ................................................................................................................... 551
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... .. 557
10 Writer’s Handbook for English Language Learners 613
Grammar ............................................................................................................... 613
Usage ..................................................................................................................... 626
Mechanics .............................................................................................................. 633
Style ....................................................................................................................... 643
Organization and Development ........................................................................... ...648
Advice to Writers ...................................................................................................661
Revising, Editing, and Proofreading .................................................................... .. 667
Glossary ................................................................................................................. 670
Appendix: Performance Feedback for Test Takers........................................ ...675