了得网工业技术_海洋平台组装与浮托安装技术（英文版）

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Contents
1 Offshore Platform Topsides and Substructure 1
1.1 Platform Topsides 2
1.2 Design of Offshore Platform Topsides and Substructures 6
1.2.1 Topsides Design in General 6
1.2.2 Modular Topsides， Integrated Topsides and Single Lift Topsides 9
1.2.3 Jacket Design 21
1.3 Consideration of Construction and Integration of Topsides and Substructure 23
1.3.1 Platform Design Strongly Related to the Methodology of Platform Integration 23
1.3.2 Impact of Changing Integration Method 26
References 34
2 Platform Integration and Stationing 35
2.1 Self Installable Platform 36
2.1.1 Jack-Ups 36
2.1.2 SIP II Platform [9] 41
2.1.3 EDP [13–15] 48
2.2 Inshore Integration [16] 51
2.2.1 Inshore Topsides Integration by Heavy Lifting 54
2.2.2 Inshore Platform Integration by Floatover 58
2.2.3 Moving-in-Under [23–25] 65
2.3 Offshore Integration 71
2.3.1 Topsides Installation by HLCV [26， 27] 71
2.3.2 Offshore Topsides Installation by Floatover 76
2.3.3 Challenges and Development 82
2.4 Summary 84
References 85
3 Floatover Technology 87
3.1 Floatover Concept 87
3.2 Advantages of Floatover Method [7–10] 94
3.3 Category of Floatover Technology 98
References 99
4 HIDECK Floatover Technology 101
References 114
5 UNIDECK and SMARTLEG 115
5.1 UNIDECK Floatover 115
5.2 Comparison UNIDECK to HIDECK 116
5.3 UNIDECK Equipment and Operation 118
5.4 Advantages of UNIDECK Method Comparing
to the HIDECK Method 123
5.5 SMARTLEG Installation Method 125
5.6 Application of SMARTLEG Technology [9， 10] 127
References 129
6 Catamaran Floatover 131
6.1 Multi-vessel Floatover 131
6.2 “Catamaran Floatover” Origination 133
6.3 Catamaran Floatover Technology 137
6.3.1 General Discussion 137
6.3.2 Catamaran Floatover Categories 141
6.4 Technical Challenges 146
6.4.1 One Extra Operation Phase 146
6.4.2 Mating Operation 151
References 151
7 Project Management and Planning 153
7.1 Offshore Installation Projects 153
7.1.1 Features of T&I Projects 154
7.1.2 Project Team and Its Main Functions [5] 157
7.2 Project Management and Project Organizations 177
7.2.1 Project Management 177
7.2.2 Project Organizations and Organization Charts 178
7.3 PM (Project Manager) 180
7.4 PEP (Project Execution Plan) 182
7.5 IM (Installation Manual) 183
7.6 Summary Comments 188
References 189
8 Engineering Analysis and Model Test 191
8.1 Engineering Plays a Vital Role in Floatover Projects 191
8.1.1 Engineering Team on the Project 192
8.1.2 Engineers—Their Quality and Challenges 193
8.2 Categories of Engineering Work 195
8.2.1 Installation Criteria Set Up 195
8.2.2 Analysis and Simulation Supporting Operation Procedure Development 196
8.2.3 Floatover Equipment Design and Qualification 196
8.2.4 Emergency Handling 197
8.2.5 On-Site Supporting 197
8.2.6 Model Test 197
8.3 Engineering Work Quality Management 198
8.3.1 Analysis/Design Philosophy 198
8.3.2 DB 198
8.3.3 Analysis and Design Procedures 198
8.3.4 Involvement in the Early Stage of the Project 199
8.4 Analysis and Simulation Work 199
8.4.1 Stability Analysis 199
8.4.2 Transportation Motion Simulation and Hydrodynamic Load Calculation 200
8.4.3 Topsides Transfer Simulation and Catamaran System Transportation 202
8.4.4 Floatover Simulation [2–4] 204
8.5 Structural Analyses 210
8.5.1 Global Structural Analysis 210
8.5.2 Topsides Integrity Checking 211
8.6 Design Work [5] 212
8.6.1 DSS (DSF) Design 212
8.6.2 LMU [6] 216
8.7 Model Test for Transportation and Floatover Operation 220
8.7.1 Main Contents of Model Test Specification 220
8.7.2 Motion Decay Test 223
8.7.3 Transportation Model Test 223
8.7.4 Pre-mating Test 224
8.7.5 Mating Test 225
8.7.6 Model Test Results and the Data Evaluation [7–9] 226
8.8 Summary 227
References 228
9 Operation Execution 229
9.1 Installation Procedures and IFC Drawings 229
9.2 Platform Integration Operation Activities 231
9.3 Task Force Management 232
9.4 Loadout and Pre-sailaway 234
9.4.1 Preparations 235
9.4.2 Weather Broadcasting and Tide Survey 243
9.4.3 Loadout Operation 244
9.4.4 Post Loadout and Pre-sailaway Preparation 249
9.5 Topsides Installation 250
9.5.1 Field Preparation 251
9.5.2 Stand-by Stage Activities 253
9.5.3 Pre-docking Stage Activities 254
9.5.4 Docking Stage 255
9.5.5 Pre-mating Stage 256
9.5.6 Mating Stage 257
9.5.7 Undocking/Withdrawal Stage 259
9.6 Post-installation Operation 259
9.6.1 In-field Activities 260
9.6.2 Vessel Demobilization Preparation 260
9.7 Mating Operation Contingency Procedure 260
9.8 Summary 261
References 262
10 Evolution and New Source of Motivation 263
10.1 Retrospect of the Application of Floatover Technology 263
10.2 Evolution 266
10.3 Concept Derived from Conventional Floa

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Chapter 1 Offshore Platform Topsides and Substructure
Abstract Offshore platforms are designed to perform exploration， production at offshore oil fields. An offshore platform structurally can be divided into two parts: the topsides and the substructure. The topsides is a steel structure providing spaces to hold various kinds of facilities for exploration/production and human activities. Substructures are necessary to support the topsides “sitting” at an elevation safely above the ocean free surface. In general， the topsides and the substructure of a platform are designed and fabricated separately. The completed topsides and the substructure are then integrated at inshore or offshore site. Integration methodology depends on the topsides and substructure design， at the same time， the selected integration method has strong impacts on the platform design， especially the design of the topsides. Discussion in this chapter starts from platform topsides and covers the various kind of topsides design philosophies. Through examples， it is shown that platform design is strongly related to the platform integration methodology， changing integration method at the later stage of platform design will impact the project in the negative way in general.
Discussion in this chapter is not on the procedure or details of platform topsides and substructure design， but the concept of the mutual impacts between the installation methodology and the design of the topsides as well as the substructure of platforms.
Functionally speaking， an oil and gas offshore platform no matter for exploration or for production will consist of a topsides and a supporting substructure. Except ship-shaped floating structures such as FPSO， FLNG， etc.， the substructure and the topsides are designed and fabricated separately and then integrated together. The installation activities of pulling them together will be addressed in this book and the focus will be on one kind of installation approach， i.e.， installing the topsides without heavy lifting derrick or cranes. Among various kinds of technologies， floatover technique will be intensively discussed.
Through discussion， it can be seen that among the factors impacting design of both topsides and substructure， platform integration methodology is an important one. Integration methodology should be selected in the very early stage of the project and offshore installation related engineering contents should be included in the work scope of the platform design. For example， to achieve a successful floatover integration of a fixed platform， the design of both the topsides and the jacket should be carried out considering the requirements from topsides transportation and mating operation. The earlier to start engineering efforts on the offshore construction the smoother in the project execution. It can be very costly to change the platform integration method in the process of platform design.
1.1 Platform Topsides
As well known in the offshore oil and gas industry， an offshore platform consists of two parts structurally—the upper part or the topsides and the lower part or the substructure. A topsides generally is a steel structure consisting of more than one deck holding various kinds of facilities for exploration or production. However， in the offshore industry daily practice， “topsides” and “deck” are often be used interchangeably in technical discussions， such as “topsides installation”/“deck installation”， “integrated topsides”/“integrated deck”， etc. In this book， in general， “topsides” is the selected word in discussion.
“Topsides” (please note: the word is in plural form) comes from the shipbuilding industry. The word is used to designate the above waterline portion of the hull of the vessels. There are more than one decks in the vessel hull， but a “deck” is often used to mean the upper deck of the vessel which forms the ‘roof’ of the hull of the vessel. Obviously， the concepts can be immediately applied to ship shaped floaters such as FPSO， FPO， FSO or FLNG. For an offshore platform， the topsides is high above the sea level and outside the splash zone by design.
The topsides holds all the facilities needed for functions by design and human activities. The topsides layout varies， depending on the field development concepts， the location of the fields， even the future potentials. For example， considering a production platform with required processing equipment such as production separators， acid gas removal， gas dehydration， gas exporting， control panels， etc.， the topsides must be much larger than the topsides of a simple wellhead platform. If the platform is manned by design， even a well head platform， there has to be a living quarter onboard. Therefore， the overall weight and dimensions of a topsides are largely defined by the platform function. The topsides structural design in general plays a vital part in the topsides optimization. One important factor with stro

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