了得網工業技術_衛星通信導論（英文版）

內容簡介

本書除了包含基礎理論和技術的相關內容外，力求充分反映衛星通信的*技術、*發展和*成果。本書可供高等院校通信工程專業、電子信息專業本科生閱讀，旨在帶領學生了解和掌握衛星通信的相關知識以及衛星通信領域的新技術和新發展，引導學生學習衛星通信的興趣。本書的編寫工作得到了北京科技大學和國家自然科學基金項目的支持。

作者簡介

博士，哈爾濱工業大學通信與信息繫統專業。指導的2015年*本科生科技創新項目《基於北鬥導航和GSM的汽車防盜繫統》獲二等獎，指導的2015年*本科生科技創新項目《計算機博弈之西洋跳棋》獲二等獎，2016年編寫的《現代通信技術（第2版）》獲北京科技大學“教材出版獎”。

Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction1
1.1 A Brief History of Satellite Communications1
1.1.1 International Activities1
1.1.2 Domestic Activities4
1.2 Characteristics of Satellite Communications8
1.3 System Elements10
1.3.1 Space Segment11
1.3.2 Ground Segment12
1.4 Satellite Elements12
1.4.1 Communication Subsystem13
1.4.2 Antennas Subsystem15
1.4.3 Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem18
1.4.4 Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring Subsystem20Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction1
1.1 A Brief History of Satellite Communications1
1.1.1 International Activities1
1.1.2 Domestic Activities4
1.2 Characteristics of Satellite Communications8
1.3 System Elements10
1.3.1 Space Segment11
1.3.2 Ground Segment12
1.4 Satellite Elements12
1.4.1 Communication Subsystem13
1.4.2 Antennas Subsystem15
1.4.3 Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem18
1.4.4 Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring Subsystem20
1.4.5 Power Subsystem23
1.5 Types of Satellite Orbit24
1.5.1 Low Earth Orbit (LEO)24
1.5.2 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)25
1.5.3 High Earth Orbit (HEO)25
1.5.4 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)25
1.6 Use of Frequencies25
1.7 Summary26
References26
Problems27
Chapter 2 Orbital Mechanics29
2.1 Orbital Theory29
2.1.1 Equations of Satellite’s Orbit29
2.1.2 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion34
2.1.3 Orbit of a Satellite35
2.1.4 Determining the Satellite Location in the Orbit37
2.1.5 Orbital Elements39
2.2 Determining Look Angle40
2.2.1 The Subsatellite Point40
2.2.2 Elevation Angle Calculation41
2.2.3 Azimuth Angle Calculation43
2.2.4 Specialization to Geostationary Satellites43
2.2.5 Visibility Test44
2.3 Orbital Perturbations44
2.3.1 Longitudinal Changes: Effects of the Earth’s Oblateness45
2.3.2 Inclination Changes: Effects of the Sun and the Moon46
2.4 Orbital Determination48
2.5 Orbital Effects in Communications Systems Performance48
2.5.1 Doppler Shift48
2.5.2 Range Variations49
2.6 Summary49
References50
Problems50
Chapter 3 Earth Stations54
3.1 Earth Station Elements54
3.2 Site Selection and Layout of Earth Stations55
3.2.1 Site Selection of Earth Stations55
3.2.2 Layout of Earth Stations58
3.3 Earth Stations and Ground Antennas60
3.3.1 Antennas for Fixed Satellite Services60
3.3.2 Antennas for Broadcast Satellite Services63
3.3.3 Antennas for Mobile Satellite Services63
3.3.4 Antennas for Store and Forward (Machine to Machine Service)65
3.3.5 Antennas for TTC＆M65
3.4 Summary66
References66
Chapter 4 Satellite Link Design68
4.1 Introduction68
4.2 Basic Transmission Theory69
4.3 System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio72
4.3.1 Noise Temperature72
4.3.2 Calculation of System Noise Temperatures74
4.3.3 Noise Figure and Noise Temperature76
4.3.4 G/T Ratio for Earth Stations77
4.4 Link Design78
4.4.1 Design of Downlinks78
4.4.2 Design of Uplinks80
4.5 Summary84
References84
Problems84
Chapter 5 Modulation and Multiple Access87
5.1 Introduction87
5.2 Analogue Amplitude Modulation88
5.3 Analogue Frequency Modulation88
5.4 Digital Modulation90
5.4.1 Filtering and Bandwidth Considerations92
5.4.2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)95
5.4.3 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ( QPSK)98
5.4.4 Derivative PSK Modulation Schemes100
5.5 Practical Satellite Modems104
5.6 Multiple Access Methods105
5.6.1 Network Architectures106
5.6.2 Traffic Multiplexing108
5.7 Multiple Access, and Assignment Strategies110
5.7.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)110
5.7.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)114
5.8 Satellite-Switched TDMA and Onboard Processing118
5.9 Spread Spectrum and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)120
5.9.1 Spread Spectrum for Satellite Communications120
5.9.2 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)122
5.10 Packet Access Techniques125
5.10.1 ALOHA Schemes125
5.10.2 Enhancements to ALOHA127
5.11 Hybrid Access Techniques, and Comparisons128
5.12 Summary129
References130
Problems130
Chapter 6 Error Control135
6.1 Introduction135
6.2 Channel Characteristics135
6.2.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)135
6.2.2 Doppler Effect136
6.2.3 Multipath and Shadowing136
6.2.4 Other Considerations137
6.3 Channel Capacity138
6.4 Coded Systems140
6.4.1 Types of Code141
6.4.2 Types of Channel141
6.5 Error Detection Strategies142
6.6 Implementation of Error Detection on Satellite Links143
6.7 Forward Error Correction145
6.8 Convolutional Codes147
6.9 Binary Block Codes149
6.10 Coding for Bursty Channels150
6.11 Concatenation151
6.12 Turbo Codes153
6.13 Coding for Bandwidth-Limited Conditions154
6.14 Application Considerations155
6.15 Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes156
6.15.1 Decoding LDPC Codes157
6.15.2 Encoding LDPC Codes163
6.16 Luby Transform (LT) Codes166
6.16.1 LT Encoding167
6.16.2 LT Decoding167
6.17 Raptor Codes168
6.18 Spinal Codes170
6.18.1 Encoding Spinal Codes170
6.18.2 Decoding Spinal Codes172
6.19 Summary174
References175
Problems176
Chapter 7 Satellite Navigation and Positioning System178
7.1 Introduction178
7.2 Transit Navigation Satellite System179
7.2.1 System Reliability and Availability180
7.2.2 Constellation181
7.2.3 Spacecraft182
7.2.4 Ground System182
7.3 GPS Navigation and Positioning System183
7.3.1 GPS Signals183
7.3.2 Modernized GPS184
7.4 GLONASS Navigation and Positioning System185
7.5 Galileo Navigation and Positioning System187
7.5.1 Galileo Segment187
7.5.2 Frequencies and Signals188
7.5.3 Services189
7.6 Beidou Navigation and Positioning System190
7.7 Summary193
References194
Chapter 8 Satellite Emergency Communication System195
8.1 Introduction195
8.2 Characteristics and Construction Principles195
8.2.1 Characteristics of Emergency Communication196
8.2.2 Construction Principles197
8.3 Communication System197
8.3.1 Analysis of Satellite Emergency Communication System198
8.3.2 Selection of Satellite Emergency Communication System200
8.4 Disaster Management and Response201
8.4.1 Disaster Management Cycle201
8.4.2 Disaster Response202
8.5 Disaster Management and Information and Communication Technology203
8.6 Satellite-Assisted Disaster Management204
8.7 Emergency Information Dissemination: Systems and Protocols204
8.7.1 Examples of Existing Alerting Systems205
8.7.2 Satcom/Satnav Systems for Emergency Information Delivery205
8.7.3 Message Format for Exchanging Emergency Alerts206
8.7.4 Alert Message Transmission Protocols206
8.7.5 Satellite Systems and Protocols Comparison207
8.8 Summary208
References209

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