UNIT 1  Perspective on Packaging Engineering1
  Section A  Development of the Packaging1
    A.1  Packaging Conception1
    A.2  Primitive Packaging1
    A.3  Modern Packaging2
    A.4  Modern Packaging Industry3
    A.5  Development of Packaging in Modern China5
  Section B  Packaging Function and Classification5
    B.1  Definitions of Different Packaging Levels5
    B.2  Contain Function6
    B.3  Protect/Preserve Function7
    B.4  Transport Function8
    B.5  Inform/Sell Function8
    B.6  New Function9
  Section C  Packaging Organizations and Associations10
    C.1  World Packaging Organization10
    C.2  China Packaging Federation11
    C.3  Other Packaging Associations12
  Section D  Packaging Engineering Education12
    D.1  Strong Need for Packaging Engineers12
    D.2  Responsibilities for the Packaging Engineer13
    D.3  Foreign Packaging Education14
UNIT 2  Packaging Materials and Containers16Section APaper and Paperboard16
    A.1  Introduction16
    A.2  Machine Direction and Cross Direction17
    A.3  Paper Characteristics18
    A.4  Paper Types20
    A.5  Paperboard Cartons22
  Section B  Corrugated Fiberboard Boxes24
    B.1  Introduction24
    B.2  Corrugated Board25
    B.3  Properties and Tests30
    B.4  Corrugated Boxes31
  Section C  Metal Materials and Containers35
    C.1  Metal Material35
    C.2  Metal Can38
  Section D  Plastics in Packaging42
  Section E  Other Materials in Packaging44
    E.1  Wood in Packaging44
    E.2  Glass in Packaging45
UNIT 3  Packaging Technology48
  Section A  Modified Atmosphere Packaging48
    A.1  Vacuum Packaging48
    A.2  Modified Atmosphere Packaging49
  Section B  Shrink and Stretch Packaging51
    B.1  Shrink Packaging51
    B.2  Stretch Packaging52
    B.3  Plastics used for Shrink/Stretch Wrapping53
    B.4  Comparison of Shrink Wrapping and Stretch Wrapping54
  Section C  Intelligent Packaging55
    C.1  The Concept of Intelligent Packaging55
    C.2  Factors that will Aid the Growth of Intelligent Packaging56
    C.3  Quality Assurance Using Intelligent Labels56
    C.4  SelfHeating and SelfChilling Packaging56
    C.5  Thermochromic Labeling56
    C.6  Intelligent TamperProof Packaging57
    C.7  Possible Concerns over Intelligent Packaging57
    C.8  The Areas those will Benefit from Intelligent Packaging First57
    C.9  Prospects of Intelligent Packaging58
  Section D  AntiCounterfeiting Packaging59
    D.1  Types of AntiCounterfeiting Technology59
    D.2  Packaging Marking AntiCounterfeiting59
    D.3  Security Printing Technology61
    D.4  Special Process and Special Material AntiCounterfeiting63
    D.5  Special Packing Structure AntiCounterfeiting63
    D.6  Radio Frequency Identification AntiCounterfeiting63
  Section E  Design in Thermoformed Packaging64
    E.1  Design Considerations64
    E.2  Design Options65
    E.3  Material Selection67
    E.4  Getting StartedSelecting a Mold Design67
    E.5  Tooling68
  Section F  MedicalDevice Packaging68
    F.1  Tray Chic68
    F.2  Throwaway Line69
    F.3  Source Reduction69
    F.4  Sterilization is Often a Material Issue70
UNIT 4  Packaging Equipment72
  Section A  Packaging Machinery in Common Use72
    A.1  Automatic Adhesive Sealer and Automatic Tape Sealer72
    A.2  Stitcher and Stapler72
    A.3  Overwrapping Machine73
    A.4  Labeling Machine73
    A.5  Strapper and Palletizer74
  Section B  The Packaging Line75
    B.1  The Packaging Line75
    B.2  Line Organization76
    B.3  Packaging Materials77
    B.4  Machine Capabilities77
    B.5  Line Balancing78
    B.6  Material and Container Characteristics78
    B.7  Personnel79
  Section C  Methods and Equipment for Making Polymer Containers and Packagings79
    C.1  Method of Casting (injection) Molding of Thermoplasts80
    C.2  Method of ExtrusionBlow Molding of Polymer Containers and Packagings81
    C.3  InjectionBlow Molding Method83
    C.4  Method of Pneumatic and Vacuum Molding of Polymer Articles84
    C.5  Thermo mechanical Molding Method85
  Section D  Origamibased Robotic Paperandboard Packaging for Food Industry87
    D.1  Multicell Operation and Reconfiguration89
    D.2  Motion Analysis90
    D.3  Robotic Tooling for Reconfigurable Packaging91
    D.4  Cooperative Packaging92
  Section E  Automatic Folding of Cartons Using a Reconfigurable Robotic System94
    E.1  Carton Equivalent Mechanisms and Folding94
    E.2  Simulation of Automatically Folding Carton Trays with Gusset Corners97
    E.3  Reconfigurability Demonstrated in Simulation and Experiments101
UNIT 5Package Printing105
  Section A  Printing Methods105
    A.1  Introduction105
    A.2  Printing Methods105
    A.3  Relief Printing107
    A.4  Lithography111
    A.5  Gravure printing112
    A.6  Comparing Flexography，Lithography and Gravure114
  Section B  Package Decoration Techniques114
    B.1  Stencil or Screen Printing115
    B.2  Reflective Metallics115
    B.3  HeatTransfer and HotStamp Printing116
    B.4  Pad Printing116
    B.5  Embossing117
    B.6  Other Decorating and Marking Methods117
    B.7  Printing Inks118
    B.8  Digital Printing119
  Section C  Printing Equipment120
    C.1  Introduction to Modern Lithographic Offset Press120
    C.2  The Gravure Press123
    C.3  Wideweb Flexographic Printing Presses126
  Section D  Development Trends of Package Printing130
    D.1  Graphics Grow Up130
    D.2  Flexible Packaging131
    D.3  Coding and Marking131
    D.4  The Outer Packaging Printing132
UNIT 6  Distribution Packaging134
  Section A  Introduction134
    A.1  History and Development of Distribution Packaging in China134
    A.2  Function and Requirements of Distribution Packaging135
    A.3  Research Contents of Distribution Packaging135
  Section B  The Distribution Packaging Design Process136
    B.1  Taking a Total System Approach to Package Design136
    B.2  The 10Step Process of Distribution Packaging Design139
    B.3  A Final Check and Checklist141
  Section C  Shock，Vibration and Cushion Packaging Design142
    C.1  Shock143
    C.2  Vibration146
    C.3  Method of Cushion Package Design148
  Section D  Marking of Distribution Packaging160
UNIT 7  Packaging Standards and Regulations163
  Section A  Packaging Organizations163
    A.1  International Organization for Standardization（ISO）163
    A.2  Food and Drug Administration（FDA）163
    A.3  ASTM International164
    A.4  International Safe Transit Association（ISTA）164
    A.5  American National Standards Institute（ANSI）165
  Section B  Packaging Standards and Regulations165
    B.1  ISO Series165
    B.2  ISTA Series166
    B.3  Other Series167
  Section C  Use of Life Cycle Assessment（LCA）in the Field of Packaging Waste Management168
    C.1  Introduction168
    C.2  Life Cycle Inventory168
    C.3  Life Cycle Impact Assessment169
    C.4  Application of LCA to sustainable Products and Packaging170
    C.5  Application of LCA to Sustainable Integrated Solid Waste Management170
    C.6  Use of LCA for Public Policy Making171
    C.7  Use of LCA to Establish Hierarchy for Packaging Waste Management172
    C.8  Conclusions173
UNIT 8  Computer Aided Packaging Design and Packaging Development Process174
  Section A  Computer Aided Packaging Design174
    A.1  Perspective to Computer Aided Packaging Design174
    A.2  ArtiosCAD Module Descriptions178
    A.3  ArtiosCADConventions185
    A.4  Esko ArtiosCAD’s Practices190
  Section B  The Whole Packaging Development Process198
Appendix 1  GB Packaging Standards and Regulations205
Appendix 2  Glossary of Packaging Terms 207
Appendix 3  Packaging Organizations and Associations214
Appendix 4  Foreign University Providing Packaging Education216
References217