第1 章汽車工業發展呼喚汽車輕量化                                     1

1.1汽車工業發展概況                                                           1

1.2節能減排是汽車工業發展的必然趨勢                                           5

1.3汽車輕量化意義重大                                                         6

1.4世界各國十分重視節能減排和輕量化                                         12

1.5世界各國汽車輕量化的研發現狀和進展                                       15

1.5.1美國輕量化研究現狀和研發方向                                         17

1.5.2加拿大輕量化研究現狀和研發方向                                       20

1.5.3日本輕量化研究現狀和研發方向                                         21

1.5.4德國輕量化研究現狀和研發方向                                         21

1.6輕量化必須保證汽車的安全性和可靠性                                       22

1.7發展新能源汽車                                                           23

1.8輕量化的LCA 評估和優化設計                                               26

1.9商用車輕量化                                                             29

1.10倡導主機廠和汽車零部件廠的生態平衡關繫                                   29

參考文獻                                                                       30



第2 章汽車輕量化的表征參量和評價方法                       32

2.1概述                                                                     32

2.2乘用車白車身設計、功能、意義和內涵                                         32

2.3乘用車整車輕量化效果的評估方法                                           35

2.4乘用車輕量化評價參量的比較                                               47

2.5商用車輕量化的表征參量                                                   48

參考文獻                                                                       49



第3 章汽車輕量化工程的實施                                 51

3.1概述                                                                     51

3.2車身的優化設計                                                           52

3.2.1分析的優化設計方法                                             53

3.2.2汽車輕量化優化設計和安全                                             54

3.2.3多學科多目標優化技術在汽車輕量化設計中的應用                         57

3.2.4車身及主要結構件的拓撲優化技術                                       59

3.3合理的選材                                                               62

3.3.1幾種材料特性的比較                                                   62

3.3.2幾種輕量化材料全壽命周期的評價                                       64

3.3.3主要輕量化材料的環保性分析                                           69

3.3.4主要輕量化材料的回收性分析                                           70

3.4先進的成形技術                                                           71

3.5輕量化的技術路線                                                         71

參考文獻                                                                       78



第4 章材料性能和零件功能的關繫                             80

4.1概述                                                                     80

4.2材料性能定義和範疇的拓寬                                                 80

4.3材料性能和零件功能的關繫、異同及表征                                     81

4.3.1不同零件的功能和材料性能的對應關繫                                   82

4.3.2工藝因素對零件功能和材料性能的對應關繫的影響                         82

4.3.3服役過程中的材料性能和零件功能的變化                                 94

4.4材料研發必須重視應用研究                                                 95

4.5材料性能和零件功能關繫的理念的應用                                       96

參考文獻                                                                       99



第5 章材料高應變速率下的響應特性                           102

5.1概述                                                                     102

5.1.1應對第三次工業革命，汽車工業將向電動化、智能化、輕量化方向發展       102

5.1.2現代汽車設計理念中的輕量化                                           102

5.1.3發展輕量化技術已成為世界各國共識                                     104

5.1.4現代汽車安全理念中的輕量化                                           105

5.1.5虛擬開發是新車開發的重要手段                                         105

5.2汽車踫撞和工業實踐需要材料在高應變速率下的響應特性                       106

5.2.1動態載荷和應變速率                                                   106

5.2.2高應變速率下材料力學性能的測試技術                                   107

5.2.3高速拉伸的試樣的形狀和尺寸                                           109

5.2.4高速拉伸時信號振動的基本原理及測量技術前沿                           110

5.2.5高速拉伸的數據處理                                                   112

5.2.6高速拉伸數據的本構方程                                               115

5.3影響高速拉伸試驗數據可靠性和分散性的因素                                 123

5.4幾類典型材料高速拉伸的響應特性                                           124

5.4.1高強度鋼和代先進高強度鋼                                         124

5.4.2防彈鋼的高速拉伸性能                                                 129

5.4.3第二代先進高強度鋼——高錳TWIP 鋼                                   134

5.4.4Q&P 鋼和Q&PT 鋼                                                   137

5.5鋁合金在高應變速率下的響應特性                                           141

5.6鎂合金在高應變速率下的響應特性                                           147

參考文獻                                                                     152



第6 章汽車用先進高強度鋼的氫致延遲斷裂                     158

6.1概述                                                                     158

6.2可擴散氫與殘餘應力                                                       159

6.2.1可擴散氫                                                             159

6.2.2殘餘應力                                                             161

6.3氫致延遲斷裂的微觀機理                                                   163

6.3.1不涉及塑性變形的延遲斷裂機理                                         164

6.3.2與塑性變形相關的延遲斷裂機理                                         164

6.4氫致延遲斷裂性能的表征方法                                               165

6.4.1恆載荷拉伸試驗                                                       165

6.4.2慢速率拉伸試驗                                                       166

6.4.3斷裂韌性試驗                                                         167

6.4.4彎曲與衝杯試驗                                                       168

6.5先進高強度鋼的氫致延遲斷裂分析                                           169

6.5.1熱衝壓鋼                                                             170

6.5.2含TWIP 效應的鋼                                                     171

6.5.3含TRIP 效應的鋼                                                     172

參考文獻                                                                     173



第7 章乘用車結構的輕量化設計                               179

7.1概述                                                                     179



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