了得網工業技術_TrueGrid和LS-DYNA動力學數值計算詳解

內容簡介

本書分為兩大部分，第壹部分詳細講解了通用參數化網格劃分工具 TrueGrid3.13 的使用方法和注意事項，包括 TrueGrid 的基本操作、常用命令詳解、建模範例和軟件接口等。書中給出了許多建模範例的命令流，建模過程簡潔明了，建立的模型網格質量很高。第二部分全面講解了通用動力學多物理場分析程序 LS-DYNA（版本 10.1）的入門基礎知識、侵徹計算、爆炸及其作用分析、裂紋擴展計算、熱學計
算、隱式分析、重啟動分析、流固耦合、SPH 方法、EFG 方法以及*新的 S-ALE、ICFD、CESE、SPG、Peridynamics、EM、DEM 等新算法，並結合工程應用給出了許多計算算例。對於每個精心準備的算例，詳細解釋了 TrueGrid 建模過程、相關LS-DYNA 關鍵字的含義和使用方法及注意事項。全部算例建模步驟簡明扼要，參數設置合理，計算結果準確可信。掃描封底二維碼可免費下載書中代碼。
本書適合理工科院校的大學教師、本科高年級學生和研究生作課程學習教材，也可以作為工程技術人員的力學分析和產品開發設計的參考手冊。通過本書的學習，讀者可大幅提高 TrueGrid 和 LS-DYNA 的使用水平及工程分析能力。

作者簡介

作者在總裝備部21基地技術部、北京理工國方軟件公司、安世亞太（北京）科技有限公司、北京航天長征飛行器研究所等單位工作多年，具有豐富分析經驗，並精通各種相關軟件。

前言

部分 TrueGrid 軟件網格劃分指南
第 1 章 TrueGrid 基本操作······················ 1
1.1 TrueGrid 運行模式 ·························· 2
1.2 TrueGrid 設置 ·································· 3
1.3 TrueGrid 快速入門 ·························· 3
1.4 TrueGrid 基本概念 ························ 14
1.5 生成網格的初始命令 ···················· 16
1.6 TrueGrid 建模步驟 ························ 18
1.7 鼠標和鍵盤快捷鍵的功能 ············ 18
1.8 顯示命令 ······································· 19
1.9 投影和附著 ··································· 19
1.10 蝴蝶形網格劃分方法 ·················· 20前言

部分 TrueGrid 軟件網格劃分指南
第 1 章 TrueGrid 基本操作······················ 1
1.1 TrueGrid 運行模式 ·························· 2
1.2 TrueGrid 設置 ·································· 3
1.3 TrueGrid 快速入門 ·························· 3
1.4 TrueGrid 基本概念 ························ 14
1.5 生成網格的初始命令 ···················· 16
1.6 TrueGrid 建模步驟 ························ 18
1.7 鼠標和鍵盤快捷鍵的功能 ············ 18
1.8 顯示命令 ······································· 19
1.9 投影和附著 ··································· 19
1.10 蝴蝶形網格劃分方法 ·················· 20
1.11 block 和 cylinder 命令練習 ········· 22
1.12 合並 ············································· 26
1.13 回退 ············································· 27
1.14 歷史窗口 ····································· 27
1.15 命令執行順序 ······························ 27
1.16 使用 TrueGrid 軟件的其他注意事項·················· 28
1.17 參考文獻 ····································· 29
第 2 章 TrueGrid 常用命令詳解 ············ 30
2.1 部件（PART）命令 ······················ 30
2.2 幾何命令 ······································· 51
2.3 合並命令 ······································· 73
2.4 全局命令 ······································· 82
2.5 輸出命令 ····································· 110
2.6 參考文獻 ····································· 112
第 3 章 TrueGrid 建模範例·················· 113
3.1 鋼殼結構水下爆炸模型 ·············· 113
3.2 炸藥自由場爆炸二維軸對稱模型 ·············································· 114
3.3 炸藥自由場爆炸三維 1/8 對稱模型 ·············································· 115
3.4 剛性彈體三維全模型 ·················· 116
3.5 裝藥彈體二維軸對稱模型 ·········· 118
3.6 裝藥彈體三維 1/4 對稱模型 ······· 119
3.7 二維軸對稱多層靶模型 ·············· 121
3.8 半無限靶三維 1/4 對稱模型 ······· 122
3.9 復合靶三維 1/2 對稱模型 ··········· 124
3.10 帶 20°傾斜角的靶標三維 1/2對稱模型 ···································· 125
3.11 帶中心孔的靶標三維1/2對稱模型 ············································· 129
3.12 射流侵徹二維軸對稱模型 ········ 129
3.13 爆炸成形彈丸三維 1/4 對稱模型 ············································ 131
3.14 破片戰鬥部模型 ························ 132
3.15 鋼筋混凝土模型 ························ 136
3.16 SPH 模型 ··································· 139
3.17 遠場水下爆炸聲固耦合模型 ···· 139
3.17.1 球形水域模型 ·························· 140
3.17.2 橢球形水域模型 ······················· 141
3.18 行星齒輪模型 ···························· 144
3.19 自行車車輪模型 ························ 145
3.20 隨機塊石層模型 ························ 147
3.21 參考文獻 ···································· 148
第 4 章 TrueGrid 支持的分析軟件和軟件接口 ··································· 149
4.1 TrueGrid 軟件與 AUTODYN 軟件接口 ·············································· 149
4.2 TrueGrid 軟件與 LS-DYNA 軟件接口 ·············································· 149
4.3 TrueGrid 建模與 LS-DYNA 計算直通算例 ······································ 150
4.4 參考文獻 ······································ 161
第二部分 LS- -DYNA 動力學數值計算詳解
第 5 章 LS- -DYNA 軟件簡介 ··············· 162
5.1 LS-DYNA 基本功能 ·················· 162
5.2 LS-DYNA 發展 ·················· 167
5.3 LS-DYNA 資源網站 ·················· 172
5.4 參考文獻 ····································· 172
第 6 章 LS- -DYNA 入門基礎知識 ········ 173
6.1 單位制 ········································· 173
6.1.1 力學單位 ··································· 173
6.1.2 熱學單位 ··································· 173
6.1.3 電磁學單位 ······························· 174
6.2 LS-DYNA 關鍵字輸入數據
格式 ·············································· 175
6.3 LS-DYNA 主要關鍵字簡要
介紹 ·············································· 178
6.4 LS-DYNA 常用命令行語法 ······· 185
6.5 求解感應控制開關 ······················ 186
6.6 文件繫統 ····································· 188
6.7 重啟動分析 ································· 189
6.8 單精度和雙精度 ·························· 190
6.9 隱式分析和顯式分析 ·················· 190
6.10 接觸 ··········································· 191
6.11 Lagrangian/Euler/ALE 算法 ······ 199
6.11.1 三類算法簡介 ·························· 199
6.11.2 Euler/ALE 算法常用關鍵字 ······· 200
6.11.3 PART 和 AMMG 的區別 ··········· 213
6.12 流固耦合算法 ···························· 213
6.13 關鍵字文件的分割和編輯 ········ 218
6.14 批處理運行 LS-DYNA ············· 219
6.15 參考文獻 ··································· 220
第 7 章侵徹計算 ··································· 221
7.1 泰勒杆撞擊剛性牆計算 ·············· 221
7.2 彈體侵徹多層樓板計算 ·············· 225
7.3 楔形體入水二維計算 ·················· 243
7.4 參考文獻 ····································· 250
第 8 章爆炸及其作用計算 ··················· 251
8.1 水中爆炸氣泡脈動一維計算 ······ 251
8.2 爆炸成形彈丸侵徹鋼板二維ALE 計算 ····································· 260
8.3 空中爆炸二維到三維映射計算 ·· 266
8.4 含鋁炸藥水下衝擊起爆二維計算 ·············································· 274
8.5 參考文獻 ······································ 285
第 9 章裂紋擴展計算 ··························· 286
9.1 采用節點分離方法模擬鋼球撞擊鋁板 ······································ 287
9.2失效刪除和帶有損傷的本構模型方法模擬彈體侵徹混凝土 ·························· 290
9.3 用 SPH 方法和帶有損傷的本構
模型方法模擬水射流衝蝕煤層 ··· 296
9.4 鋼板裂紋擴展二維XFEM 計算 ··· 300
9.5 金屬切削 SPG 計算 ···················· 307
9.6 爆炸作用下玻璃破碎的近
場動力學計算 ······························ 314
9.7 參考文獻 ····································· 323
第 10 章熱學計算 ································· 324
10.1 熱學計算基礎 ···························· 324
10.2 長杆瞬態熱傳導計算 ················ 327
10.3 厚板穩態對流計算 ···················· 331
10.4 空心柱體熱應力計算 ················ 335
10.5 厚板輻射傳熱計算 ···················· 340
10.6 水成冰相變計算 ························ 343
10.7 參考文獻 ···································· 346
第 11 章隱式分析 ································· 347
11.1 隱式分析基礎 ···························· 347
11.2 簡支方板特征值分析 ················ 353
11.3 簡支方板受力振動計算 ············ 356
11.4 軸向加載薄壁殼體屈曲分析 ····· 361
11.5 金屬切削 EFG 計算 ·················· 365
11.6 參考文獻 ···································· 373
第 12 章 S- -ALE/ICFD/CESE/EM/
DEM 算法介紹 ······················· 374
12.1 水下爆炸 S-ALE 計算 ·············· 374
12.2 繞柱流 ICFD 計算 ····················· 384
12.3 激波管 CESE 計算 ···················· 388
12.4 渦電流 EM 計算 ························ 393
12.5 電磁軌道炮發射 EM 計算 ········ 397
12.6 料倉落料 DEM 計算 ················· 405
12.7 參考文獻 ···································· 410
第 13 章重啟動分析 ····························· 411
13.1 小型重啟動分析 — SHPB
計算 ············································ 412
13.2 完全重啟動分析 — SHPB
連續打擊計算 ···························· 417
13.3 參考文獻 ···································· 421
第 14 章若干計算問題的解決方法······ 422
14.1 求解算法的選擇 ························ 422
14.2 關於計算結果的準確性和可
信度的討論 ································ 422
14.3 LS-DYNA 求解時間的決定
因素 ············································ 423
14.4 減少 LS-DYNA 求解時間的
方法 ············································ 424
14.5 LS-DYNA 求解中途退出的
原因和解決辦法 ························· 424
14.6 沙漏出現的原因和控制方法 ···· 426
14.7 質量縮放 ···································· 427
14.8 六中的負體積現像 ···· 428
14.9 負滑移能（接觸能） ················ 429
14.10 參考文獻 ·································· 430
第 15 章 LS- -DYNA 前後處理軟件
LS- -PrePost 簡介 ···················· 431
15.1 界面布局 ···································· 432
15.2 鼠標與鍵盤操作 ························ 433
15.3 主菜單 ········································ 433
15.4 頁（Page） ································ 436
15.5 動畫控制 ··································· 442
15.6 渲染熱鍵 ··································· 443
15.7 通用選擇界面 ···························· 445
15.8 LS-PrePost 命令行和批處理 ···· 446
15.9 常用後處理操作舉例 ················ 447
15.10 參考文獻 ·································· 454
附錄 ·························································· 455

前言

本書分兩大部分，部分為 TrueGrid 網格劃分指南，第二部分為 LS-DYNA 動力學數值計算詳解。這兩部分內容既緊密聯繫，又具有各自的獨立性。
TrueGrid 是美國 XYZ Scientific Applications 公司推出的通用網格劃分軟件，是一套交互式、批處理、參數化前處理器。TrueGrid 簡單易學、功能強大，可以方便快捷地生成優化的、高質量的多塊體結構化網格，非常適合為有限差分軟件做前處理器，其獨特的網格生成方法可為用戶大量建模時間。2004 年我曾打算翻譯 TrueGrid 用戶手冊，整理出書，可惜沒有堅持下來。2005 年初 TrueGrid 軟件的國內代理商——中仿科技有限公司的梁琳總經理找到我，我就將翻譯初稿給了他，該公司在這些初稿的基礎上編寫了培訓手冊。
為了將初稿進一步補充完善，特地編寫了部分。內容如下。
第 1 章介紹了 TrueGrid 基本操作，例如，運行模式、軟件設置、基本概念、主要界面、使用注意事項等，並通過一個 1/4 圓柱建模例子介紹了 TrueGrid 建模基本步驟。
第 2 章對 TrueGrid 建模過程中頻繁使用的命令進行了詳解。
第 3 章給出了 20 個 TrueGrid 建模範例的詳細命令流，讀者可在此基礎上舉一反三。本書分兩大部分，部分為 TrueGrid 網格劃分指南，第二部分為 LS-DYNA 動力學數值計算詳解。這兩部分內容既緊密聯繫，又具有各自的獨立性。
TrueGrid 是美國 XYZ Scientific Applications 公司推出的通用網格劃分軟件，是一套交互式、批處理、參數化前處理器。TrueGrid 簡單易學、功能強大，可以方便快捷地生成優化的、高質量的多塊體結構化網格，非常適合為有限差分軟件做前處理器，其獨特的網格生成方法可為用戶大量建模時間。2004 年我曾打算翻譯 TrueGrid 用戶手冊，整理出書，可惜沒有堅持下來。2005 年初 TrueGrid 軟件的國內代理商——中仿科技有限公司的梁琳總經理找到我，我就將翻譯初稿給了他，該公司在這些初稿的基礎上編寫了培訓手冊。
為了將初稿進一步補充完善，特地編寫了部分。內容如下。
第 1 章介紹了 TrueGrid 基本操作，例如，運行模式、軟件設置、基本概念、主要界面、使用注意事項等，並通過一個 1/4 圓柱建模例子介紹了 TrueGrid 建模基本步驟。
第 2 章對 TrueGrid 建模過程中頻繁使用的命令進行了詳解。
第 3 章給出了 20 個 TrueGrid 建模範例的詳細命令流，讀者可在此基礎上舉一反三。
第 4 章介紹了 TrueGrid 支持的分析軟件和軟件接口，後給出了兩個 TrueGrid 建模與LS-DYNA 計算直通的算例。LS-DYNA 是世界上著名的通用動力學多物理場分析程序，能夠模擬真實世界的各種復雜問題，特別適合求解各種一維、二維、三維結構的爆炸、高速踫撞和金屬成形等非線性動力學衝擊問題，同時可以求解傳熱、流體、聲學、電磁、化學反應及流固耦合問題，在航空航天、機械制造、兵器、汽車、船舶、建築、國防、電子、石油、地震、核工業、體育、材料、生物/醫學等行業具有廣泛應用。第二部分內容如下。
第 5 章介紹了 LS-DYNA 軟件基本功能和發展，並列出了常用的 LS-DYNA 資源網站。
第 6 章內容為 LS-DYNA 入門基礎知識，介紹了單位制、關鍵字輸入數據格式、命令行語法、求解感應控制開關、文件繫統、單精度和雙精度求解器的應用範圍、隱式和顯式分析的區別，以及常用的接觸、Lagrangian/Euler/ALE 算法、流固耦合算法等。
第 7 章介紹了三種侵徹計算算例，讀者從中可以學習到剛性牆的用法、多種鋼筋混凝土模型建模方法、二維流固耦合建模方法等。
第 8 章給出了爆炸及其作用計算算例，詳細闡述了 LS-DYNA 中一維和二維衝擊波計算模型建立方法、二維到三維映射計算方法、含鋁炸藥衝擊起爆計算方法等。
第 9 章著重討論了 LS-DYNA 中裂紋擴展計算方法，其中涉及近場動力學算法。
第 10 章為熱學計算部分，對熱傳導、熱對流、熱應力、熱輻射等算例進行了詳解。
第 11 章通過四個算例對 LS-DYNA 的隱式分析功能進行了講解。
第 12 章詳細闡述了 S-ALE、ICFD、CESE、EM、DEM 等新增算法的功能和具體應用。
第 13 章通過 SHPB 計算介紹了重啟動分析功能的使用方法。
第 14 章給出了若干計算問題的解決辦法，這些經驗性的總結有助於提升軟件使用者的水平。
第 15 章全面介紹了前後處理軟件 LS-PrePost 的後處理功能、使用方法和使用技巧。
由於作者水平有限，本書難免存在不足之處，歡迎廣大讀者和同行專家提出批評和指正（郵箱：ls-dyna@qq.com）。

作者謹識
於北高地

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