Brief Introduction

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1Descriptions of Magneto-Plasmas

1.1Introduction

1.2Basic Parameters and Characteristics

1.2.1Weakly Coupled Condition

1.2.2Debye Shielding

1.2.3Langmuir Oscillation

1.2.4Coulomb Collision

1.2.5Anisotropy of Magneto-Plasmas

1.3Motion of Individual Particles in Magnetic Fields

1.3.1Gyrating Motion in a Uniform Field

1.3.2Drift Motion in a Nonuniform Field

1.3.3Adiabatic Invariants

1.4Kinetic Description of Plasmas

1.4.1Exact Klimontovich Equation

1.4.2Mean Kinetic Equations

1.4.3Drift- and Gyro-Kinetic Equations

1.5Two-Fluid Description of Plasmas

1.5.1Velocity Moment Equations

1.5.2Briginskii Equations for Fluid Closure

1.5.3Adiabatic and Bi-adiabatic Equations

1.6MHD Description of Plasmas

1.6.1MHD Equations

1.6.2Generalized Ohm Law

1.6.3Ideal MHD： Magnetic Frozen

1.6.4Resistive MHD： Magnetic Diffusion

1.6.5Hall MHD： Anisotropic Ohm Law

1.6.6Microphysics of MHD Dynamics



Chapter 2Basic Characteristics： from AWs to KAWs

2.1Introduction

2.2AWs Based on MHD Description

2.2.1AWs in the Ideal MHD

2.2.2Basic Characteristics of AWs

2.2.3Effect of Resistive Term on AWs

2.2.4Effect of Hall Term on AWs

2.3KAWs Based on Two-Fluid Decription

2.3.1General Two-fluid Dispersion Equation

2.3.2Low-frequency Dispersion Relations

2.3.3KAW： Short-wavelength Modification

2.4A Few Crucial Characteristics of KAWs

2.4.1Low-β Cases： Kinetic and Inertial Limits

2.4.2Anisotropic Propagation

2.4.3Electromagnetic Polarization States



Chapter 3KAW Instabilities and Generation Mechanisms...

3.1Introduction

3.2Low-Frequency Kinetic Dispersion Equation

3.2.1General Dispersion Equation

3.2.2Bi-Maxwell Distribution

3.2.3Low-frequency Approximation

3.2.4MHD Limit： Fire-Hose and Mirror Instabilities

3.3Anisotropic Temperature Instabilities

3.3.1Anisotropic Dispersion Equation

3.3.2Classic Limit with Zero Ion Gyroradius

3.3.3Kinetic Effect with Finite Ion Gyroradius

3.4Field-Aligned Current Instabilities

3.4.1Isotropic Plasma Case

3.4.2Anisotropic Plasma Case

3.5Ion Beam Intabilitiy

3.5.1Beam-return Current Systems

3.5.2Ion Beam Instability

3.6Other Generation Mechanisms

3.6.1Resonant Mode Conversion of AWs

3.6.2Parametric Decay Due to Wave-wave Coupling

3.6.3Anisotropic Cascade of MHD Turbulence



Chapter 4Nonlinear Solitary Structures of KAWs

4.1Introduction

4.2Sagdeev Equation of One-Dimentional SKAWs

4.2.1Basic Equation and Linear Dispersion Relation

4.2.2Sagdeev Equation and Sagdeev Potential

4.3Existent Criterion and Parameter Dependence

4.3.1Criterion for Existence of SKAWs

4.3.2Parametric Dependence of SKAWs

4.4Analytic Solutions of the Sagdeev Equation

4.4.1Analytic Solution in the Inertial Limit

4.4.2KdV Soliton in Small-amplitude Limit

4.5Two-Dimensional SKAWs： Basic Physics Model

4.5.1Basic Equations

4.5.2Dipole Vortex Solutions

4.6Two-Dimentional SKAWs： Dipole Vortex Structure

4.6.1Dipole Density Soliton in a Dipole Vortex

4.6.2Electromagnetic Rotation in a Dipole Vortex



Chapter 5KAWs in Complex Plasmas

5.1Introduction

5.2KAWs in Multi-Ion Plasmas

5.2.1Slowing of KAWs Due to Heavy Ions

5.2.2Coupling of KAWs to Ion-ion Hybrid Waves

5.2.3Effects of Finite Ion Temperatures on KAWs

5.2.4SKAWs in Multi-ion Plasmas

5.3KAWs in Partly Ionized Plasmas

5.3.1Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

5.3.2Drift Instability via Elastic Collisions

5.3.3Ionization Instability via Inelastic Collisions

5.4KAWs in Dusty Plasmas

5.4.1Basic Processes and Properties

5.4.2Electrostatic Waves in Dusty Plasmas

5.4.3KAWs in Dusty Plasmas



Chapter 6Experimental Studies of KAWs

6.1Introduction

6.2Early Laboratory Experiments of AWs

6.3Laboratory Experiments of KAWs

6.3.1Mode Conversion of KAWs and Plasma Heating

6.3.2Dispersion Relation and Basic Properties of KAWs

6.3.3Excitation of KAWs and Nonlinear Phenomena

6.4Space in situ Identification of KAWs

6.4.1Early Primary Observations of KAWs

6.4.2Refined Identifications of SKAWs

6.4.3Dipole Density Solitons and Two-dimensional SKAWs

6.4.4Identification of KAW Turbulent Spectra

6.5Space Observations vs Laboratory Experiments

6.6Solar Observed Evidence of KAWs



Chapter 7 Auroral Electron Acceleration by DSKAWs

7.1Introduction

7.2Aurora and Auroral Electron Acceleration

7.3DSKAWs and Their Shock-like Structures

7.3.1Basic Physics Model

7.3.2Electron Field-aligned Acceleration by DKAW

7.4Auroral Acceleration Mechanism by DSKAW

7.4.1Empirical Model of Auroral Plasma

7.4.2Auroral Electron Acceleration by DSKAWs

7.4.3Comparison with Observations



Chapter 8Anomalous Energization of Coronal Ions by KAWs

8.1Introduction

8.2Anomalous Energization Phenomena of Coronal Ions

8.3Empirical Model of Coronal Hole Structures

8.3.1Radial Model

8.3.2Transverse Model

8.4Physical Model for Heavy Ion-SKAW Interaction

8.4.1Nonlinear Generation of KAWs in Coronal Holes

8.4.2Heavy Ion-SKAW Interaction

8.5Energization of Heavy Ions in SKAWs

8.6Application to Energization of Coronal Ions



Chapter 9Nonuniform Heating of Coronal Plasmas by KAWs

9.1Introduction

9.2Magnetic Structure and Heating Problem of the Solar
Corona

9.3Upper Chromospheric Heating by Ohmic Dissipation of KAWs

9.3.1Sunspot Upper-chromospheric Heating Problem

9.3.2Ohmic Dissipation of KAWs by Coulomb Collision

9.3.3Upper-chromospheric Heating by KAWs

9.4Coronal Loop Heating by Landau Damping of KAWs

9.4.1Coronal Loops and Their Heating Problem

9.4.2Landau Damping of KAWs

9.4.3Coronal Loop Heating by KAWs

9.5Coronal Plume Heating by Landau Damping of KAWs

9.5.1Coronal Plumes and Their Heating Problem

9.5.2Coronal Plume Heating by KAWs

9.6A Unified Scenario for the Coronal Heating？



Chapter 10Perspectives of KAWs

10.1Generation and Dissipation of KAWs

10.2Turbulent Cascade： from AWs to KAWs

10.3Magneto-Plasma Filaments by KAWs

10.4Particle Energization by KAWs

References

Index